Lime nitrate

Synonyms lime nitrate lime saltpeter Norwegian saltpeter, nitrocalcite... 

Seidsdiatz Water. Sulphate of m nesia, 3 drachms muriate of lime, nitrate of ume, bicarbonate of soda, of each 8 grains flulchate of potash, 5 grains aerated water, 1 pint. 

Synonyms Calcium dinitrate Calcium saltpeter Lime nitrate Lime saltpeter Nitric acid, calcium salt... 

Lime nitrate. See Calcium nitrate Lime nitrogen. See Calcium cyanamide Lime oil Lime oil, distilled. See Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) oil... 

A more constrained opportunity for nitrate bioremediation arose at the US-DoE Weldon Spring Site near St. Louis, Missouri. This site had been a uranium and thorium processing faciUty, and treatment of the metal had involved nitric acid. The wastestream, known as raffinate, was discharged to surface inpoundments and neutralized with lime to precipitate the metals. Two pits had nitrate levels that requited treatment before discharge, but heavy rains in 1993 threatened to cause the pits to overflow. Bioremediation by the addition of calcium acetate as a carbon source successfully treated more than 19 million liters of water at a reasonable cost (75). 

Acid—Base Chemistry. Acetic acid dissociates in water, pK = 4.76 at 25°C. It is a mild acid which can be used for analysis of bases too weak to detect in water (26). It readily neutralizes the ordinary hydroxides of the alkaU metals and the alkaline earths to form the corresponding acetates. When the cmde material pyroligneous acid is neutralized with limestone or magnesia the commercial acetate of lime or acetate of magnesia is obtained (7). Acetic acid accepts protons only from the strongest acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Other acids exhibit very powerful, superacid properties in acetic acid solutions and are thus useful catalysts for esterifications of olefins and alcohols (27). Nitrations conducted in acetic acid solvent are effected because of the formation of the nitronium ion, NO Hexamethylenetetramine [100-97-0] may be nitrated in acetic acid solvent to yield the explosive cycl o trim ethyl en etrin itram in e [121 -82-4] also known as cyclonit or RDX. 

Calcium. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth s cmst. There is no foreseeable lack of this resource as it is virtually unlimited. Primary sources of calcium are lime materials and gypsum, generally classified as soil amendments (see Calcium compounds). Among the more important calcium amendments are blast furnace slag, calcitic limestone, gypsum, hydrated lime, and precipitated lime. Fertilizers that carry calcium are calcium cyanamide, calcium nitrate, phosphate rock, and superphosphates. In addition, there are several organic carriers of calcium. Calcium is widely distributed in nature as calcium carbonate, chalk, marble, gypsum, fluorspar, phosphate rock, and other rocks and minerals. 

Naphthalenesulfonic Acid. The sulfonation of naphthalene with excess 96 wt % sulfuric acid at < 80°C gives > 85 wt % 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (a-acid) the balance is mainly the 2-isomer (P-acid). An older German commercial process is based on the reaction of naphthalene with 96 wt % sulfuric acid at 20—50°C (13). The product can be used unpurifted to make dyestuff intermediates by nitration or can be sulfonated further. The sodium salt of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid is required, for example, for the conversion of 1-naphthalenol (1-naphthol) by caustic fusion. In this case, the excess sulfuric acid first is separated by the addition of lime and is filtered to remove the insoluble calcium sulfate the filtrate is treated with sodium carbonate to precipitate calcium carbonate and leave the sodium l-naphthalenesulfonate/7J(9-/4-J7 in solution. The dry salt then is recovered, typically, by spray-drying the solution. 

H-acid, l-hydroxy-3,6,8-ttisulfonic acid, which is one of the most important letter acids, is prepared as naphthalene is sulfonated with sulfuric acid to ttisulfonic acid. The product is then nitrated and neutralized with lime to produce the calcium salt of l-nitronaphthalene-3,6,8-ttisulfonic acid, which is then reduced to T-acid (Koch acid) with Fe and HCl modem processes use continuous catalytical hydrogenation with Ni catalyst. Hydrogenation has been performed in aqueous medium in the presence of Raney nickel or Raney Ni—Fe catalyst with a low catalyst consumption and better yield (51). Fusion of the T-acid with sodium hydroxide and neutralization with sulfuric acid yields H-acid. Azo dyes such as Direct Blue 15 [2429-74-5] (17) and Acid... 

In a 1-1. three-necked flask fitted with a motor stirrer (Note 1), gas inlet tube, dropping funnel, and a wide-bore soda-lime tube are placed 400-500 ml. of liquid ammonia and 0.1 g. of ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Note 2). 

The process employed in carrying out this invention is as follows A mixture of 1 to IJ parts acetone (45 kg.), 1 part of lemon-giass oil (38 kg.), IJ to 2 parts of alcohol (75 kg.), 1 to 2 parts of a concentrated lime-free solution of chloride of lime (75 kg.), to which is added a little cobaJtous nitrate (30 gr.) dissolved in water, is boiled during six to eighteen hours at a temperature of 70° to 80° C. in a reflux cooling apparatus. 

Kalk-saccharat, n. calcium sucrate. -salpeter, m. calcium nitrate, -salz, n. lime salt, cal-... 

Metriol (Pentaglycerol, 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-me thy 1-1,3 -p rop ane diol, Methyltrime thylol-methane). H3C.C(CH2OH)3 mw 120.15 white needles from abs ale mp 199° (sublimes without decompn). Was first prepd by Hosaeus (Ref 2) by condensing formaldehyde and propionic aldehyde in cold aq soln in the presence of lime. Metriol is v sol in w, ale and acet ac is insol in eth. It may be nitrated to an expl trinitrate, and acetylated to a nonexpl triacetate Refs 1) Beil 1, 520 2) H. Hosaeus, Ann... 

Basic Explosives Manufacture. The major quantities and the toughest problems are here. They include a) acid waters, treated with lime or soda ash, chemical washes, spills, washdowns b) Red Water from TNT purification. A complex, brick-red soln of Na nitrate, Na sulfate, Na sulfite, Na nitrite, and about 17% organics which include sulfonated nitrotoluene isomers and complex, unidentified dye-bodies c) dissolved expls, eg, Pink Water which is approx lOOppm TNT in w d) suspended expl particles — dust and chips and e) sometimes solvents such as acet, benz, and dimethyl aniline... 

Zaman M, Nguyen ML. Effect of lime or zeolite on NzO and N emissions from a pastoral soil treated with urine or nitrate-N fertiliser under field conditions. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 2010 136 254—261. 

The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is assembled in a good hood. One liter of liquid ammonia and 0.5 g. of hydrated ferric nitrate are placed in the 2-1. three-necked flask A, which is equipped with a stirrer and a special reflux condenser cooled with Dry Ice. This condenser is attached to a soda-lime tower which is connected to a source of compressed air through the T-tube C. Over a period of about forty-five minutes, 92 g. (4 gram atoms) of clean sodium shavings is added to the liquid ammonia, and the mixture is stirred until the blue color disappears (one to two hours). 

In order to test for un-ionised halogen ignite the substance with an excess of chemically pure lime in a moderately wide test tube in a Bunsen flame, dip the tube while still hot in a little water so that the glass is shattered, acidify with pure nitric acid, filter, and add silver nitrate solution. 

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