Lignite process, development

The latest in the row, which may in the meantime be considered operative as well, is the coal gasification process developed by DOW Chemical Company. A plant based on this process went onstream around the middle of 1987 in Louisiana. It provides for coal throughputs of about 83 t/h in the case of subbitu-minous coal feed, and of as much as 100 t/h if lignite is used. Although the gas... 

Urfoain process A process used to produce activated charcoal by pulverizing a precarbonized material such as peat or lignite, then heating with phosphoric acid, followed by washing with hydrochloric acid. The process, developed in the 1920s, is named after its inventor Edouard Urbaln, who patented many gas treatment processes by carbonaceous materials. 

The CO2 Acceptor process, also developed under AGA/DOE sponsorship, by the ConsoHdation Coal Co., uses steam to gasify lignitic coal. Heat is supphed by the exothermic reaction between CO2 and calciaed dolomite [17069-72-6]. The dolomite is calciaed ia a separate fluidized bed. This process operates ia a 40 t/d pilot plant, but there are no plans for commercialization as of this writing. 

Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP) Coal (bitumous, hi moist./hi ash lignites) LHV IGCC, ammonia, urea, H2, methanol 400 MW under development 220, 365 (hi moist.), 2000 290-580 1500 Steam/02 300... 

The process of hydro-cracking was already developed in 1927 by the German company I. G. Farben Industrie, to transform lignite into gasoline. As a support for thermal or catalytic cracking, hydro-cracking is used nowadays to crack hydrocarbons that are more difficult to crack. 

Processes and equipment for the gasification of inferior coke and chars from low-temperature carbonization of subbituminous and lignitic coals were developed in Germany (13), where the relatively large yield of low-temperature tar was welcomed as raw material for hydrogenation processes. The market for low-temperature tar in the United States has been too small and the selling price too low to encourage the use of low-temperature chars for gas production. 

Continued development of the COGAS Process promises to help make our nation self-sufficient in meeting its needs for liquid and gaseous fuels. The process can handle all ranks of coals, ranging from lignite through high-volatile A bituminous coal. 

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