Montana lignite

Montana Lower Lignite Montana Lower Lignite Wyoming Bed 80 Texas... 

North America.. In the United States, lignite deposits are located in the northern Great Plains and in the Gulf states. Subbituminous coal is found along the Rocky Mountains. The western half of North Dakota has about 74% of the nation s resources, Montana 23%, Texas 2%, and Alabama and South Dakota about 0.5% each. The lignite resources to 914 m represent 28% of the total toimage of all coal deposits in the United States. The lower cost and low sulfur content have contributed to rapid growth in production. 

The lignite deposits of North Dakota and Montana extend into Canada as far as Saskatchewan. Canadian deposits are also located in Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Manitoba. Production by open-cast mining, ca3.5 x 10 t in 1975, was 10.8 x 10 t in 1989. 

Monta.n Wax. An important product of the direct extractive treatment of lignitic coals is montan wax [8002-53-7]. The term montan wax or Bergwachs refers strictiy to the material obtained by solvent extraction of suitable German brown coals. The generic term for similar materials is montana wax. The small quantities made outside Germany are usually referred to as montan, prefixed by the country of origin (see Waxes). 

Methanation Section Test Conditions. To date, the HYGAS pilot plant has been operated with Montana lignite coal feed. This lignite is a low sulfur (usually less than 1 wt % ) coal which has good reactivity for hydrogasification. The coal is nonagglomerating (thus eliminating the need for pretreatment), and it represents the lowest rank of U. S. coals that are available for conversion to substitute natural gas. 

Figure 6. Dependence of maximum tar yields and corresponding total volatile matter yields during flash pyrolysis on atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio for some Australian and V.S.A. coals (O, 9), black coals (X), brown coals (A), Pittsburgh No. 8 (USA.) ( ), Montana lignite (USA).

During the Tertiary period which dates back approximately 65 million years. Deposits include the sub-bituminous coal and lignite beds in the Great Plains Province, which includes northeastern Wyoming, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and northwestern North Dakota. 

Lignite was deposited relatively recently ica 2.5-60 x ldh yr ago), mainly during the Tertiary era. L. S. deposiis include those in the Dakotas. Alaska. Montana, and Wyoming. The Miocene period provided the brown coal deposiis that are up to 500 m thick in the Latrobe Valley of Victory in Ausiralia. 

USA North Dakota—Montana Fort Union 280 lignite samples... 

Source Seam Rank PA-WV Pittsburgh hvb A Illinois No. 6 hvb B/C W. KY hvb B/C Montana (Colstrip) Rosebud subb. A Wyoming (Wyodak) Lower subb. C N. Dakota Beulah Std. II Lignite... 

The samples examined were predominantly lignites from the Pust seam in Montana. However, data for two North Dakota lignites, for slagging and fouling deposits produced by those lignites, and for several subbituminous coals are also included. 

A Montana lignite (Fort Union Seam) was utilized in this study. The major inorganic constituents present in this lignite can be classified as discrete mineral phases and ion-exchangeable cations. 

TABLE II. Mineral Matter Composition of Montana Lignite... 

Figure 2. Weight loss in entrained flow reactor in (1173 K) acid washed (A.W.) Montana lignite, raw and calcium exchanged (Cal) lignite, 270 x 400 mesh.

The Lignite is a partially dried Montana Lignite from the Savage Mine of the Knife River Coal Mining Company. 

Replacing the product of k cxp(-EIRT) in Equation 11.48 by Equation 11.50, we have the overall reaction rate that would be observed at temperature T, to which the coal is assumed to be heated at constant rate m from the initial temperature T0. For devolatilization of Montana lignite, k0 = 1.07 x 1010 s-1, E0 = 48.72 kcal/mol, and o = 9.38 kcal/mol. 

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