Ligands equilibria

J. Kragten, Atlas of Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Aqueous Solution, Ellis Horwood Ltd.,... 

The kinetics of cross coupling reactions are usually complicated, as one might expect. We have leamt that the yields and selectivities strongly depend on the reaction conditions, which change considerably during the reaction (a) the metal is involved in metal-ligand equilibria, (b) the amount of base present... 

For discussion of metal-ligand equilibria with numerous examples, see... 

Let v5 be the number or moles of solute molecules adsorbed per area of surface. The subscript on v refers to the case of adsorption on a solid surface as contrasted with v used in the case of protein-ligand equilibria 4-47 49). Let [A] be the equilibrium solute concentration. 

The effect of pH on protein-ligand equilibria is discussed and the equations are applied to the binding of succinate, D-tartrate, L-tartrate, and meso-tartrate by the catalytic site of fumarase. 

Before discussing the effect of pH on protein-ligand equilibria, it is necessary to discuss an aspect of acid dissociations that was too advanced for Chapter 1. Consider a protein A that has two acid groups. The acid dissociation constants are defined by... 

Kragten, J., "Atlas of Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Aqueous Solution", 781 p. Halsted Press, New Jersey, 1978. 

Thus, for example, the speciation diagrams for Zn(ll), Hg(II), and Cr(lII) can be obtained from their respective global hydrolysis constants [J. Kragten, Atlas of Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Aqueous Solution, New York John Wiley, 1978], and this is shown in Figs. A1-A3. 

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the study of metal-ligand equilibria is growing rapidly. This technique can be used not only to determine stability constants but also to provide information on the structures of the complexes formed as well as the location of the binding sites on the ligand of the hydrogen and metal ions. ... 

P, M, May, Modelling Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Blood Plasma, in Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids , ed, G, Berthon, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong, 1995, Vol, 2, p. 1184,... 

Equilibria of another type are shown in equations (9) and (10). For R2NH-BX3 (X = Q, Br) complexes and for several BI3 complexes equilibrium (9) prevails in solution. The [X2BL] ion is expected - to form in reactions of BI3 complexes containing very weak B— 1 bonds (equation 10). A similar ion was assumed to have formed as an intermediate during the hydrolysis of MesN-BCls. The BF3 complexes rarely enter into ionic equilibria, although with chelating ligands equilibria similar to (9) were detected. ... 

While inferences drawn from conditional constants allow for facile investigations of metal-ligand equilibria, to assess the overall significance of PS in the rhizosphere we need to be able to address a more complex scenario. For a more accurate reflection of competitive metal-ligand binding scenarios in the rhizosphere, there is a need to include the soil solid phase as a sparingly soluble source of metals. An approach to this problem is outlined in the section below. 

Computer simulation of such metal-ligand equilibria in bio-... 

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