Ligand exchange equilibrium reaction

Some of the hydrolysis products of the ligand exchange reaction are mononuclear, which means that only one central atom of aluminum is in the complex and some are polynuclear, which means that more than one central atom of aluminum exists in the complex. Because the water molecule is not charged, Al(H20)g may simply be written as Af This is the symbol to be used in the complex reactions that follow. Without going into details, we will simply write at once all the complex ligand exchange equilibrium reactions. 

A quite unique approach is also the complexation of chiral olefins by a ligand exchange type reaction with the chiral platinum(lV) complex (Table 1, entry 57). It is an equilibrium... 

If the amounts of the catalyst ingredients (cobalt, phosphine, and base) are increased by the same factor without change in pressure and H2-to-CO ratio, the increase in phosphine concentration uncompensated by an increase in CO pressure shifts ligand exchange equilibrium toward HCo(CO)3Ph. Without base, this shift is at the expense of the more active HCo(CO)4, producing an apparent reaction order lower than one in "catalyst." In the presence of base, the shift is mostly at the expense of the inactive Co(CO)4, resulting in an apparent order higher than one. 

For reaction 1 the forward and the reverse rate constants (fei and ki, respectively) could be determined. The rate of reaction was defined as the change in concentration of the toluene solution in reaction 2 (eqn [3]) over the time for ligand exchange in reaction 1. The equilibrium constant of reaction 1 determined as... 

Ligand exchange reactions of the zinc complexes are quite rapid (Scheme 4). The equilibrium concentrations of the individual species are attained within the time scale of sample preparation (i.e. <2 min). 

Aryl-A3-iodane oxidation of amines to imines also involves a combination of ligand exchange and successive reductive -elimination. Oxidation of pyrrolidine with iodosylbenzene 18 affords quantitatively an equilibrium mixture of 1-pyrroline and its trimer [72]. When oxidation of piperidine with 18 (2 equiv) was carried out in water, 2-piperidone was produced [73]. In the latter reaction, a sequence of ligand exchange and reductive -elimination was repeated two times [Eq. (38)]. 

This exchange leads first to the formation of the mixed products and, in the second step, full ligand exchange takes place to produce molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (Mo(ddp)2) and zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate (Zn(dtc)2). The equilibrium in this reaction favors Mo(dtc)2 and Zn(ddp)2 formation, and the... 

The first step in these oxidation reactions is a fast pre-equilibrium, which can be formally considered as ligand exchange (hydroxy - alkyloxy) on the iodine atom. The product 9 then disproportionates to the carbonyl derivative 4 and the iodosoarene 10 (IBA) [8]. 

The title compounds, 383 and 384, have been obtained548 as shown in equations 246 and 247. Syntheses, ligand exchange reactions and the ion mobilities point to the existence of At[C(CN)3]2. It is assumed that in the electrolytes used the products 383a and 383b are in equilibrium (equation 248). 

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