Leukemic white blood cells

S. Vitols, G. Gahrton and C. Peterson, Significance of the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway for the in vitro accumulation of AD-32 incorporated into LDL in normal and leukemic white blood cells, Cancer Treat. Rep. 68 (1984) 515-520. 

Figure 18.1.1b. Py-MS spectrum of leukemic white blood cell. Pyrolysis done at 358°Cand MS ionization energy at 12 eV [1],...

White blood cells or leukocytes diseases may refer to have Leukemia. The different types of leukemia affect give a different blood count. Person with acute leukemia may have a low or normal or high white blood cell count. It may show an abnormal average count which many times higher than 7,000 white cells per microliter of blood. In short, the leukemic white blood cells in acute leukemia patients do not function normally. However, normally patients with chronic leukemia always have an increase in white blood cells [2]. 

Acridinium ester—labeled chemiluminescent probes have been utilized to detect the specific protein-coding transcripts and to distinguish between transcripts that code for the 190-kDa protein and the two closely related 210-kDa proteins. The assay is called the hybridization protection assay (D3). In this assay, RNA isolated from the patient s white blood cells is first amplified by PCR. The amplified product is incubated with the chemiluminescent probe. The unhybridized probe is removed by selective hydrolysis in sodium tetraborate buffer, containing surfactant Triton X-100 at pH 8.5, in an incubation step at 60°C for 6 min. After the sample is cooled to room temperature, the chemiluminescence of the hybridized probe is measured in a luminometer. The procedure is reported to detect one leukemic cell in a population of a million or more normal cells. It is also rapid, requiring less than 30 min. Its reliability has been attested to by correlation with results obtained on karyotypic and Southern blot analysis (D3). 

Pseudohypokaiemia is a feature of acute leukemias. The elevated white blood cell count can cause a time-dependent transport of IC into the leukemic cells after the blood sample is drawn. Other less common causes of intracellular redistribution are listed in Figure 46-4. 

The high concentration of ascorbic acid in white blood cells has naturally focused attention on this property of leukemic cells. While the ascorbic acid content of leukemic cells may be low (Wl), this is not necessarily so (B13). The ascorbic acid concentrations are somewhat different in varied types of abnormal white cells and are, of course, influenced by the general condition of the patient, but in general they are not qualitatively different from normal cells. 

Induction of CYP4F3 by benzene metabolites in human white blood cells in vivo in human promyeloeytic leukemic cell lines and ex vivo in human blood neutrophils. Drug Metab Dispos 37 282-291... 

Folic acid is involved in the normal synthesis of nucleic acid within the cell nucleus, which is responsible for cell growth. As an antagonist, aminopterin can fill in for folic acid, without activity. As a result, it is able to block the rapid production of leucocytes (white blood cells) characteristic of leukemia. Unfortunately, with continued use, the leukemic cells seem to develop a resistance to the antagonist and its effectiveness is lost. 

Normal animal cells are often classified according to their embryonic tissue of origin, and the naming of tumors has followed suit. Malignant tumors are classified as carcinomas if they derive from endoderm (gut epithelium) or ectoderm (skin and neural eplthella) and sarcomas if they derive from mesoderm (muscle, blood, and connective tissue precursors). The leukemias, a class of sarcomas, grow as individual cells in the blood, whereas most other tumors are solid masses. (The name leukemia is derived from the Latin for white blood the massive proliferation of leukemic cells can cause a patient s blood to appear milky.)... 

Cyclic voltammetry at a graphite working electrode has been used directly on white and red blood cells from human bone marrow one of the three irreversible anodic peaks observed with a bone marrow blood cell mixture was only present in leukemic patients [124]. Cyclic voltammetry has also been used directly on E. coli, rat jejunal mucosal tissue, and the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase to evaluate oxidative damage [125]. An earlier study showed that bacteria can be classified as gram-positive... 

I.N. Rich, D. Worthington-White, O.A. Garden, and P. Musk, Apoptosis of leukemic cells accompanies reduction in intracellular pH after targeted inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger. Blood 95, 1427-1434 (2000). 

F3. Frei, J., Borel, Cl., Horvath, G., Cullity, B., and Vannotti, A., Enzymatic studies in the different types of normal and leukemic human white cells. Blood 18, 317-327 (1961). 

---