Lenz studies

Heinrich Lenz studied the direction of the current that is induced in a conductor as a result of changing the magnetic field near it. You can think of this as the change in a system in electromagnetic equilibrium. Lenz published his law in 1834. It states that when a conductor interacts with a magnetic field, there must be an induced current that opposes the interaction, because of the law of conservation of energy. Lenz s law is used to explain the direction of the induced current in generators, transformers, inductors, and many other systems. 

Hani Lenz Studies of Silphenylene-Siloxane Polymers... 

Both American Enka (87) and Courtaulds set up pilot-plant work in the early 1980s with the objectives of developing fiber spinning and solvent-recovery operations. The Austrian viscose producer Lenzing studied various systems (88) and commenced pilot operations on an NMMO system at the end of the 1980s. At the time of writing, only Courtaulds and Lenzing have proceeded to a commercial scale. 

In effect of such activity eddy currents in the studied area are induced, producing own magnetic fields which following Lenz s rule are directed adversely to the induction field this decreasing its intensity (Fig. 1). 

The interaction of a simple fluid with a single chemically heterogeneous substrate has also been studied. Koch et al. consider a semiinfinite planar substrate with a sharp junction between weakly and strongly attractive portions and investigate the influence of this junction on the density profile of the fluid in front of the substrate [172-174]. Lenz and Lipowsky, on the other hand, are concerned with formation and morphology of micrometer droplets [175]. 

Patnaik, S., T.G. Lenz, and G.O.G Lof, 1990, Performance study for an experimental solar open-cycle liquid desiccant system, Solar Energy, 44 (3), 123-135. 

More recently Teyssie determined the rate constants in the polymerization of e-caprolactone (eCL) initiated with aluminium alkoxides, believing that the covalent species are the only ones responsible for propagation [4]. For the same monomer Yamashita estimated tentatively rate coefficients of propagation using an anionic initiator [ ]. Lenz in his studies of substituted g-propiolactones (gPL) observed peculiar influence of structure on reactivity that can have its origin in the multiplicity of ionic structures involved [fi]. 

The nitration of sugars was also studied by Hlasiewetz and Pfaundler [4], Lea [5], Colley [6], Elliott [7], Ge [8], E. J. Hoffinan and Hawse [9], Pictet et cd. [10, 11], and a number of authors whose studies are mentioned later. The most noteworthy of the earlier results, mainly those of Will and Lenze [1], are collected in Table 109. 

Schumann C, Lenz G, Berghofer A, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Non-adherence with long-term prophylaxis a 6-year naturalistic follow-up study of affectively ill patients. Psychiatry Res 1999 89(3) 247-57. 

In long-term plant metabolism studies (Gronberg et al, 1971 Morgan, 1972, 1973, 1974 Church and Flint, 1973 Hilton et al, 1974,1976 Stanley and Flint, 1974 Lenz et al, 1987 Schocken et al, 1987) very little free metribuzin, DA, or DK were detected (0.1-15%). The majority of the organosoluble material was DADK (2-35%). 

Morgan and Lenz (1992) showed that the major water-soluble metabolite in wheat grain was 2-amino-3,3-dime-thyl butanoic acid (Figure 7.19). This material accounted for 11% of the total radioactive residue. Degradation of the heterocyclic ring to form the semicarbazone of pyruvic acid was reported in a potato rotational crop study by Prestel et al (1976). However, Scholz (1982) was unable to repeat this observation. 

In some studies (Stanley and Flint, 1974 Lenz et al, 1987 Schocken el al, 1987 Morgan and Lenz, 1992), 3-amino-DA compounds hydroxylated on the tert-butyl group and ring-cleaved products were identified (Figure 7.19). 

In two studies (Lenz et al, 1987 Schocken et al, 1987) the water-soluble metabolites were separated by HPLC. Schocken et al (1987) separated 21 water-soluble metabolites from wheat straw, none of which amounted to >1.5% of the total residue. Lenz et al (1987) separated 20 water-soluble metabolites from soybean forage and 13 from soybean seed. Two of the five major forage metabolites were shown to be DADK O-glucosides by enzyme hydrolysis with a-glucosidase (DADK was detected). The other three major metabolites were resistant to hydrolysis with HC1. The 15 minor forage metabolites were also resistant to acid hydrolysis. 

Lenz EM, Bright J, Wilson ID, Morgan SR, Nash AF. A ll NMR-based meta-bonomic study of urine and plasma samples obtained from healthy human subjects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003 33 1103-1115. 

The result of the inherent comparison of AChE and BChE that was completed in our laboratory revealed two very adept OP bioscavengers. The major difference noted in this study was an ineffectiveness of oxime-mediated reactivation of BChE relative to the accelerated rates seen with AChE (Geyer, Cerasoli, Lenz, and Mor, unpublished results). In the case of both enzymes, by utilizing purification protocols that were only mildly adapted from those used to purify serum BChE or recombinant ChEs we can assume that any associated purification costs will be similar to those incurred in other systems. Before this project is ready to transition into a clinical study, a further refinement of the PEGylation and other modifications that have been shown to enhance the circulatory profile of these plant-derived ChEs must be undertaken. 

Lenz C-J, Muller F, Schliinzen KH (2000) The sensitivity of mesoscale chemistry transport model results to boundary values. Environ Monit Assess 65 287-298 L6pez SD, Liipkes C, Schliinzen KH (2005) The effects of different k-e-closures on the results of a micro-scale model for the flow in the obstacle layer. Meteorol Z 14 839-848 Muller F, Schliinzen KH, Schatzmann M (2000) Test of numerical solvers for chemical reaction mechanisms in 3D air quality models. Environ Model Softw 15 639-646 Schliinzen KH (1990) Numerical studies on the inland penetration of sea breeze fronts at a coastline with tidally flooded mudflats. Beitr Phys Atmos 63 243-256 Schliinzen KH, Katzfey JJ (2003) Relevance of subgrid-scale land-use effects for mesoscale models. Tellus 55A 232-246... 

Williams RE, Lenz EM, Evans JA, Wilson ID, Granger JH, Plumb RS, Stumpf CL. A combined (1)H NMR and HPLC-MS-based metabonomic study of urine from obese (fa/fa) Zucker and normal 48. Wistar-derived rats. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2005 38 465-471. 

Lenz et al. [207] reported studies with model compounds which were in agreement with this expectation. They also reported the over-all second order rate coefficients shown in Table 24. 

Schulte KL, Fischer M, Lenz T, Meyer-SabeUek W. Efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Results of the AURA study. Clin Drug Invest 1999 18 453-60. 

Originally. TOA was devised and used for analyses of chain mobility in polymers (7) and polymer blends (8.91 by monitoring birefringence disappearance during programmed heating in scratches scribed on film surfaces. Lenz (10.Ill has reported the use of TOA in the study of liquid crystal polymers, and recently we have used the technique in determining melt- and isotropization temperatures for thermotropic fully aromatic liquid crystal polymers (4.51. 

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