Length measurements centimeter

It is often necessary to convert measurements from one set of units into SI units. For example, we may need to convert a length measured in inches into centimeters. To convert these units, we use the relation 1 in. = 2.54 cm, and in general... 

Figure 13.37 shows the UV spectrum of the conjugated diene cis,trans- 1,3-cyclo-octadiene, measured in ethanol as the solvent. As is typical of most UV spectra, the absorption is rather broad and is often spoken of as a band rather than a peak. The wavelength at an absorption maximum is referred to as the max of the band. There is only one band in the UV spectrum of 1,3-cyclooctadiene its kmax is 230 nm. In addition to max, UV-VIS bands are characterized by their absorbance (A), which is a measure of how much of the radiation that passes through the sample is absorbed. To correct for concentration and path length effects, absorbance is converted to molar absorptivity (e) by dividing it by the concentration c in moles per liter and the path length / in centimeters. 

For measurement of short lengths (in the millimeter range or less), a microscope may be used, but for longer lengths (several centimeters or longer), a cathetometer is useful. Although fiber diameter may be measured directly with a microscope, or more crudely with micrometer calipers, other excellent methods are available for determining cross-sectional dimensions of human hair. 

The artifact attributes mentioned above, both numerical and non-numerical, that can be used as bases for a classificatory system would be termed characters by Sneath and Sokal a character is a property or feature which varies from one kind of organism to another , referring to biological systems. The value of a particular character (red, brown, black color of potsherd smface, length in centimeters of a flint spear point) is termed a character state which can thus be qualitative or quantitative. Quite clearly, the chemical analysis of an ardiaeological object measures the concentration level, the state , of a series of attributes or characters , the chemical elements. 

The average distance between base pairs measured parallel to the axis of a DNA molecule is 3.4 A. The average molar mass of a pair of nucleotides is 650 g/mol. Estimate the length in centimeters of a DNA molecule of molar mass 5.0 X 10 g/mol. Roughly how many base pairs are contained in this molecule ... 

An additional convenience characteristic of the metric system is that the volume and length measurement domains are related in that one cubic centimeter, which is based on length measurement, is the same as one milliliter, which is strictly a volume unit. 

One important stractural characteristic of fibers is their lengths are cottsiderable greater than diameters. Fibers with relatively short lengths, measured in terms of centimeters or inches, ate called staple fibers. Long fibers, measured in kilometers or miles, are called filament fibers. The diameters of most fibers range from... 

The first fibers used by humans were probably those that occur naturally as tissues or excretions of either vegetables or animals (see Table 87). At much later times, after metals had been discovered, humans also learned to manufacture - from some of the ductile metals, mainly gold, silver, and their alloys - thin filaments (not fibers, however), which have since been used to decorate textile fabrics. It was only during the twentieth century, after synthetic plastics were discovered, that it became possible to make artificial human made fibers. The great majority of the natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, occur as staple fibers, short fibers whose length is measured in centimeters. Silk is different from all other natural fibers in that it occurs as extremely long and continuous filaments several hundred meters long. 

We may keep digits only as far to the right as the uncertain digit in the least accurate measurement. For example, suppose you measured a block with the millimeter ruler as 4.33 cm, and another block with the centimeter ruler as 2.1cm. What is the length of the two blocks together ... 

For a science project, Stacy and Tina are measuring the length of two caterpillars. Stacy s caterpillar is 2.345 centimeters long. Tina s caterpillar is 0.0005 centimeters longer. How long is Tina s caterpillar ... 

Lasers also measure length very accurately. In fact, the standard of length has been changed - it s no longer the standard meter in Paris, but it s the wavelength of a particular form of light. We can send a laser beam to the moon and measure the time that it takes for its reflection to return, and we can determine the distance to the moon to one or two centimeters. So the laser enables all kinds of high precision measurements, in time, in space, in size, and so on. 

Dislocation density is measured as the total length of dislocation lines in a unit volume of crystal, meters per meter cubed. However, experimentally it is often simpler to determine the number of dislocations that intersect a surface, so that a common measure of dislocation density is the number of dislocation lines threading a surface, that is, the number per meter squared. In a fairly typical material there will be on the order of 108 dislocation lines crossing every square centimeter of solid. However, it is known that if a solid is deformed, the dislocation density rises, perhaps by a factor of 103 or 104. Clearly, dislocations must be able to multiply under the conditions that lead to deformation. 

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