Lend-Lease

Only after Pearl Harbor did the United States government discover how Farben had also stopped the flow of crucial war materials from America to its lend-lease allies. Magnesium was the best example. The arrangement between Farben, the Aluminum Company of America, and the Dow Chemical Company not only had limited production within the United States but had fixed it so that all quantity exports from the United States went only to Germany. Thus Great Britain and the rest of Europe became completely dependent on Farben for magnesium. 

From March 1941, with the passing of the Lend-Lease Act, British war production could take increasing account of what could be better supplied from the United States. The falling off in British tank production after 1942 reflected the fact that it was no longer necessary for Britain to be self-sufficient on the other hand, continued British production was a necessary insurance against a shortfall in American deliveries. Likewise the fact that British steel production peaked in 1942 and declined by 9.8 per cent by 1944 reflected the shipping shortage, which made it more sensible to import flnished steel from the United States than to import more bulky iron ore. ... 

Lend-Lease. The price of Churchill s policy of victory at any cost was a weakening of British power, through the accumulation of sterling balances and the loss of overseas assets and markets, and consequent dependence upon the United States. 

Lend-Lease Administration low level attack land mine lumen... 

Lend-lease TNT from the Adas Powder Company stacked in No. 23 District at Easdays in the summer of 1942. 

In 1945 was estimated that 2000 million silver coins were in circulation corresponding to some 1400 tons of silver it was decided to replace them gradually by an alloy of nickel and copper. All silver coins struck before 1947 are being withdrawn, and the reclaimed silver is to be sent to the U.S.A. in part payment of silver sent to this country under Lend-Lease. The recoinage will take at least 20 years. 

Germany is launching two new submarines per week and adding them to its fleet. President Roosevelt is trying to decide how many new destroyers per week must be sent to the British fleet under the Lend-Lease Program in order to win the battle. Admiral Steadman claims she needs 15 ships added to her fleet per week to defeat the U-boat fleet. The Secretary of the Navy, William Gustus, claims she only needs 5 ships per week. Who is correct ... 

It is of interest that during World War II, British benzene for conversion into phenol was sent to the United States under the Lend-Lease arrangement, which made Britain somewhat dependent on external supplies after 1945. Whereas in World War I the main use of phenol was in explosives manufacture, in World War II it was in plastics manufacture. 

In 1941 Doland was also the principal engineer for USED, and British colonies in the Caribbean for lend-lease airbases. From 1944 he was a consulting hydraulic engineer for the Union Electric Co., St. Louis MO. He was further member of the Joint Council on National Water Policy. Doland was a member ASCE, and of the American Institute of Consulting Engineers AlCE. 

While the total quantity of British chemical warfare materials furnished the United States Forces was small, and while only token deliveries were made in 1942, awareness of British capability and British reserves was nearly the only reassuring gleam in the dark chemical supply picture from July 1942 to July 1943. The entire gas warfare retaliatory potential depended on British resources for most of that period. CWS ETO officers measured the British contribution as much or more in terms of their willingness to co-operate and their readiness to provide technical and operating experience data as they did in their provision of supplies under reverse lend-lease. ... 

Some companies have become well known for the success of their safety management system. UK leaders in this field include Bovis Lend Lease, AMEC and Taylor Woodrow, and many smaller companies have devoted substantial time and money to the development of sophisticated management systems. 

Sir Frank Lampl President, Bovis Lend Lease... 

As global Director of Environment, Safety and Health for Bovis Lend Lease I have been generously supported in writing this book by the Company President Sir Frank Lampl and Chief Executive Ross Taylor. I am very grateful for the Company s permission to reproduce a selection of checklists and ideas, many of which began their existence and development under the watchful eye of Bryan Toone. This book is a testament to the professional expertise and vigilance of many such people, whose mission is to strive continually to improve the standards of environment, health and safety in the construction industry throughout the world. 

Passage of the Lend-Lease Act of ii March 1941 gave further impetus to the CWS procurement and supply program. Lend-lease appropriations enabled the CWS to undertake procurement activities on a larger scale. Between April and December 1941, the Chemical Warfare Service procured raw chemicals, gas masks, and other items for supply to Great Britain. Many of the items were manufactured at Edgewood, but a number were also secured through special contracts in the procurement districts. 

For details on effects of Lend-Lease Act on CWS activities, see ch. XVI below. 

The figure on Navy procurement was supplied by the Supply and Distribution Div, OC CWS, in 1946. The figure on lend-lease was obtained from WD Lend-Lease Transfer, CWS, May 46. 

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