Leishmania tropica major

Leishmaniasis - Over 100 compounds with known antiparasitic activity were tested against Leishmania mexieana mexicana M379, Leishmania tropica major Pj and Leishmania donovani HV3 in cell culture.114 Several antimalarial compounds including 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines, quinazolines, amidinoureas and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors showed sufficient activity to warrant further study. 

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by one or more slowly healing superficial ulcers that may be painful. These lesions are liable to further infection and may remain as open sores or become hard, wartlike nodules. The form of cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to as New Wodd disease is caused by species of the Leishmania (Viannia) bra iliensis complex (L bra liensis, L gujanensis, L panamanesis, and L peruviana) and species of the Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana complex (L mexicana, L ama onensis, and L vene uelensis) in the western hemisphere. Old World disease (oriental sore, Delhi or Baghdad boil) is caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major m. Asia, Africa, and southern Europe, and Leishmania aethiopica, restricted to eastern Africa. The incubation period for cutaneous leishmaniasis ranges from a few weeks to several months. Spontaneous cures can take place in a period ranging from one month to several years. 

Rosypal AC, Werbovetz KA, Salem M Stephens CE, Kumar A, Boykin DW, Hall JE, Tidwell RR. Inhibition by Dications of in vitro growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica causative agents of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis. Journal of Parasitology 2008 94, 743-749. Doi 10.1645/GE-1387.1. 

The flagellate leishmania is transmitted to humans by the bite of the female sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus. Three principal diseases result from infection with Leishmania spp. L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) L. tropica and L. major produce cutaneous leishmaniasis, and L. braziliensis causes South American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In visceral leishmaniasis, the protozoan parasitizes the reticuloendothelial cells, and this results in an enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen the spleen can become massive. Cutaneous leishmaniasis remains localized to the site of inoculation, where it forms a raised disfiguring ulcerative lesion. South American leishmaniasis is variable in its presentation. It is characterized by ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and pharynx some disfiguring skin involvement also is possible. 

Machado M, Pires P, Dinis AM, Santos-Rosa M, Alves V, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Sousa MC (2012) Monoterpenic aldehydes as potential anti-leishmania agents activity of Cymbopogon citratus and citral on L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major. Exp Parasitol 130(3) 223-231... 

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