Legislation today

In 2001, the European Conmumity drew up a Directive binding on all U.E. Members. Such Directive [36, 37], together with the subsequent modifications, seems to be decidedly the more advanced point among the legislation today in force, especially taking into accoimt the public health problems. 

There are profound opportunities for both industiy and the individual to prevent the generation of waste indeed, pollution prevention is today primarily stimulated by economics, legislation, liabihty concerns, and the enhanced environmental benefit of managing waste at the source. The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 has estabhshed pollution prevention as a national policy, declaring that waste should be prevented or reduced at the source wherever feasible, while pollu-... 

Although this approach enables companies to comply with legislation, and harmful emissions will be prevented from entering the environment, it does not provide the best framework for sustainable development. A much better approach would be to develop legislation that encourages pollution prevention at source. In this respect, the old prescriptive approach has something to offer however, it is generally accepted that with the number of diverse operations we have today this would be unworkable. 

Until chemists become more aware of their information problem, chemists will be far behind the social science architects of policies. On openness, protections of technology which chemists enjoy today were won by legislative battles and by hard-fought cases under trade secret law which eventually came to favor the owner. Chemists have to be willing to get into the political arena and fight for their expectations of confidentiality, or else be willing to accept the difficulties of protection which the law now imposes upon innovators in our society. 

Japan, South Korea and China, today the countries with the most extensive new ship building industry, have not yet implemented registration schemes for AF products but legislative initiatives are on the way and the coming into force of legislation analogous with e.g. the European BPD is envisaged within near future. 

PET is an ideal material for recycling. It can be reprocessed multiple times and the source material is available in large quantities, mostly as a mono-material . The main focus today is on PET bottles which are collected in dedicated collection systems [108] or separated from other waste streams. Around the world, countries are planning to or have already adopted legislation to reduce packaging waste by the following approaches ... 

Example A Today, I think a really important piece of legislation was signed at the White House. The bill for affordable housing is really important because as you know, many Americans need federally subsidized housing. ... 

Example B Washington D.C.— Today at the White House, President Bush signed a bill for affordable housing. This piece of legislation is viewed as an important step towards providing Americans with federally subsidized housing. 

The Medicines Act, together with the associated EU legislation and EU and ICH guidelines, should ensure that the safety of drugs made to the highest quality, the acceptability of their risk/benefit ratio and the promotion of correct information to the prescribers and consumers are the dominant features of the controls that operate today. 

In sum, the 1970s saw a flurry of legislative action on environmental issues that was to set the framework of the nation s policies for dealing with the pollution of air, water, and land resources. Almost all of this legislation has been modified, hut the guiding principles represented by the laws continue to influence the nation s environmental policies today. 

Comparing the BA heavy metal concentration according to the Swiss legislation for waste materials (TVA 1990) and the guidelines for non-contaminated and tolerable disposable materials (BUWAL 1999) it is evident that today s BA do not fullfil either threshold values for so called inert landfill type nor the limits for disposable materials allowed for re-use (Table 3). In comparison to naturally occurring rocks, the measured concentrations in, for example, Cu, Zn, and Pb are even orders of magnitude higher. 

---