Lead fluoborate

Lead chromate, 82 Lead dioxide, 82 Lead fluoborate, 82 Lead fluoride, 82... 

LEAD FLUOROBORATE Lead fluoborate, Lead Fluoborate solution NL 1 0 0 ... 

WTI has had systems operating on the following electronic and circuit board solutions acid copper plating, chelated lead brightening, and nickel sulfamate plating. Tin-lead fluoboric and electroless copper systems are to be installed in June, 1989. The systems have been or are to be installed at Cray Research, Control Data and Vitramon (a Thomas and Betts subsidiary). 

Borate(l-), tetrafluoro-, lead (2- ) Borate(l-), tetrafluoro-, lead (2+) (2 1) EINECS 237-486-0 HSDB 1991 Lead bis(tetrafluoroborate) Lead borofluoride Lead boron fluoride Lead fluoborate Lead fluoroborate Lead fluoroborate (Pb(BF4)2) Lead fluoroborate solution Lead tetrafluoroborate Lead tetrafluoroborate (Pb(BF4)2) Lead(ll) tetrafluoroborate. Salt for electroplating lead. Atomergic Chemetals ElfAtochem N. Am. Hoechst Celanese M T Harshaw. 

Lead, tetraethyl-. See Tetraethyl lead Lead (II) tetrafluoborate. See Lead fluoborate Lead, tetramethyl-. See Tetramethyl lead Lead tetroxide. See Lead oxide, red Lead thiocyanate CAS 592-87-0... 

Cobalt potassium nitrite 13784-89-9 Diisobutyl oxalate 13814-96-5 Lead fluoborate 13814-97-6 Stannous fluoroborate 13816-33-6 Cuminyl nitrile 13822-56-5 A0800... 

Sodium aluminum hydride 237-442-0 Diisobutyl oxalate 237-486-0 Lead fluoborate 237-487-6... 

TABLE 29.6 Tin-Lead Fluoborate Operation and Control High... 

Stannous and lead fluoborates are the source of metal.Their concentrations and ratio must be strictly maintained, as they will directly affect alloy composition. Fluoboric acid increases the conductivity and throwing power of the solutions. Boric acid prevents the formation of lead fluoride. Additives promote smooth, fine-grained, tree-free deposits. Excess peptone (three to four times too much) may cause pinholes (volcanoes) in deposit when reflowed. Testing by Hull cell and periodic carbon treatments is indicated.The peptone add rate is about 1 to 2 qt per week for a 400 gal tank. Only DI water and contamination-free chemicals should be used—for example, <10 ppm iron-free and <100 ppm sulfate-free fluoboric add. A clear solution is maintained by constant filtration. 

FIGURE 19.1 Cross-section of lead/fluoboric acid/lead dioxide mufticell reserve battery showing dashpot cutter for copper ampoule. Courtesy of U.S. Department of the Army.)... 

The chemistry most commonly employed in spin-dependent liquid-electrolyte reserve batteries has been the lead/fluoboric acid/lead dioxide cell represented by the following simplified reaction ... 

Since the individual cells of a spin-dependent liquid-electrolyte reserve battery are generally annular in shape and are filled by centrifugal force, the periphery of the cell must be sealed to keep electrolyte from leaking out. This sealing is typically accomplished by a plastic barrier formed around the outside of the electrode-spacer stack. For lead/fluoboric acid/lead dioxide batteries, this barrier is formed by fish paper (a dense, impervious paper) coated with polyethylene that melts at a relatively low temperature (similar to that used on milk cartons). Cell spacers are punched from the coated fish paper and placed between the electrodes. The stack is then clamped together and heated in an oven at a temperature sufficient to fuse the polyethylene, which then acts as an adhesive and sealer between the electrodes. 

Operating Temperature Limits. Like most other batteries, the performance of liquid-electrolyte reserve batteries is affected by temperature. Military applications frequently demand battery operations at all temperatures between -40 and 60°C, with storage limits of -55 to 70°C. These requirements are routinely met by the lead/fluoboric acid/lead dioxide systems and, with some difficulty at the low-temperature end, by the lithium/thionyl chloride and zinc/potassium hydroxide/silver oxide systems. Provision is occasionally made to warm the electrolyte prior to the activation of the two latter systems. 

Lead/Fluoboric Acid/Lead Dioxide Battery. Discharge curves for a typical lead/fluoboric acid/lead dioxide liquid-electrolyte reserve battery employed to power the proximity fuze of an artillery shell are given in Fig. 19.6. The slight rise in the low-temperature curve is due to its gradual rise in temperature in a room-temperature spinning tester. Similarly, the high-temperature curve is falling faster than it would in a true isothermal situation. 

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