Lead-acid batteries Automobile applications

Thus, in the early 1880s, a lead—acid battery of high capacity and relatively simple technology of manufacture was created. This battery rapidly found various practical applications. In 1881, Gustave Trouve first used a lead—acid battery in his three-wheeled electric automobile, which reached a speed of 12 km h . In 1886, the first submarine propelled by lead—acid batteries was launched in France. A lead—acid battery was mounted in a small dirigible balloon which was propelled at a speed of 4 m s In 1899, Camille Jenatzy reached... 

Lead acid battery was invented in 1859 by Gaston Plante, and has been widely used throughout the world for more than 150 years [1], At present, all automobiles are equipped with one or more lead-acid battery. As for industrial application, lead-acid batteries have served as a backup for telecommunication system, office, and medical emergency power supply equipment [2]. Those are also used as traction battery for the electric forklifts [3]. In addition, those are used for electric moped in China and Asian area in recent years. In such ways, lead-acid batteries have become an inseparable device for our life. 

Lead-acid batteries have been in use for various applications over the past two centuries. These batteries are most cost-effective, can be recharged multiple times, and have been widely deployed in automobiles and trucks and as emergency power sources. These batteries are relatively heavy and take longer times for recharging. 

In SLI lead-acid batteries for automobile applications, SBC in negative plate is the preferable material for the anode coating, whereas the 4BS compound is preferred in deep-cycle lead-acid batteries. After curing of negative plates, they are all converted to a lead electrode. 

In industry, lead-acid battery applications can be cataloged into two major areas stationary applications and automobile applications. These two application areas are discussed in detail in this chapter. 

Many types of automobile vehicles (see examples in Figure 10.5) use lead-acid batteries either for SLI purposes or engine powering. The first type of application uses SLI batteries, and the second type uses deep-cycle batteries. Both SLI batteries and deep-cycle batteries use exactly the same chemistry for their operation. The difference between them is mainly their design. 

FIGURE 10.5 Possible applications of lead-acid batteries in automobile-type vehicles. 

Batteries have been developed from many pairs of chemicals capable of being oxidized and reduced. Some systems are rechargeable after the chemicals in the battery have been exhausted, the reactions can be reversed by the application of an external source of electricity. The lead-acid automobile battery is a familiar example. In many applications, such as cell phones and laptop computers, the weight of a portable electricity supply is critical. This has led to the development of batteries based on lightweight lithium chemistry, for which challenges still remain. 

The major focus of this section has been on describing the primary energy source for transport applications. There are, however, numerous transport applications where the auxiliary power is critical. The best recognized auxiliary power application is the automobile battery. The lead-acid chemistry has dominated this... 

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