Laurate units

The activity of both Novozym 435 and crosslinked Novozym 435 was measured using the standard PLU-assay. The PLU (propyl laurate units) assay is a method to determine the activity of immobilized lipases by ester synthesis. One PLU corresponds to 1 pmol of propyl laurate formed from condensation of lauric acid and 1-propanol per gram of enzyme per minute under specified conditions. The PLU value is determined by measuring the area under the peak of formed propyl laurate versus a standard sample of propyl laurate with known concentration using a gas chromatograph with an FID detector. Crosslinked Novozym 435 showed an activity of 4800 PLU g"1, whereas the activity of Novozym 435 before crosslinking was measured to be 12200 Pl.U g 1. 

Lipase Activity The ester synthesis activity of Novozym 435 is expressed in Propyl Laurate Units (PLU/g). The activity of Novozym 435 used for our synthesis was 7000 PLU/g. 

Oil additives Allyl laurate United States 2,698,298 1954 Socony-Vacuum... 

Pentachlorophenol and its salt, sodium pentachlorophenate, are used primarily as wood preservatives on telephone poles, pilings and fence posts. In Europe, pentachlorophenol and its derivatives, sodium pentachlorophenate and pentachlorophenyl laurate are used to control sap stain in green lumber. It is also used in Europe on millwork to prevent the growth of mould and fungi, and as a preservative for waterproof materials (i.e., tarpaulins) that are used in outdoor applications. In the United States, it is used almost entirely for treatment of utility poles (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1994). 

Following removal of one acetyl-CoA unit from palmitoyl-CoA, the coenzyme A thioester of the shortened fatty acid (now the 14-carbon myristate) remains. The myristoyl-CoA can now go through another set of four /3-oxidation reactions, exactly analogous to the first, to yield a second molecule of acetyl-CoA and lauroyl-CoA, the coenzyme A thioester of the 12-carbon laurate. Altogether, seven passes through the j8-oxidation sequence are required to oxidize one molecule of palmitoyl-CoA to eight molecules of acetyl-CoA (Fig. 17-8b). The overall equation is... 

The polymerization of allyl esters of saturated monobasic acids, e.g., allyl acetate and allyl laurate, yields linear thermoplastic polymers containing 5-20 monomer units per molecule. These homopolymers and copolymers with vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene cliloride have been used as thermoplastic adhesives and plasticizers. 

The biaxial nematic (NJ phase was first identified by Yu and Saupe in a ternary amphiphilic system composed of potassium laurate, 1-decanol and D2O. In such systems the constituent units are molecular aggregates, called micelles, whose size and shape are sensitive to the temperature and concentration the phase was found to occur over a range of temperature/concentration. There are obvious advantages in having a single-component, low-molar-mass thermotropic phase. The sugges-... 

Synonyms Dodecanoic acid, monoester with pentaglycerol Pentaglyceryl monolaurate Definition Ester of lauric acid and a glycerin polymer contg. avg. 5 glycerin units Empirical C27H54O12 Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics Polyglyceryl-6 laurate CAS 51033-38-6... 

Coatings, impregnating layers Allyl caproate, sterate, laurate, myristate, and levulinate United States 2,533,376 1950 Libby-Owens-Ford... 

Esters as pour point depressants Allyl laurate and sterate United States 2,616,852(3) 1952 Socony-Vacuum Oil... 

Powder and liquid detergents can be used in washing machines. The a-sulfo fatty acid esters are used in both product types, but their solubility in water has to be taken into account. In the United States, sodium a-sulfomethyl laurate is mainly used in liquid detergents, whereas in Europe, where powder detergents are widely distributed, a-sulfomethyl tallowate is more important [70]. 

Figure 1.4 Plots of the interfacial tension of corn oil/surfactant solutions and detergency as a function of the number of glycerol or oxyethylene (EO) units of polyglycerol laurate (filled symbols) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (open symbols).

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