Laspeyresia pomonella

Hylemya spp. Fsila rosae Chilo suppressalis Myzus persieae Nephotettix einetieeps Tribolium oastaneum Spodoptera littoralis Cocoa Mirids Tetranychid mites Laspeyresia pomonella Leptinotarsa 10-lineata Adult Locusts Lucilia larvae adults Beetles in stored cereals... 

A typical example of such an approach can be found in the synthesis of the sex attractant 64 (Scheme 2.18) of the apple worm Laspeyresia pomonella, a common pest of apple orchards. It is not surprising to see that retrosynthetic disconnection was done across the allylic C-C bond to give the allylic electro-... 

Cabbage moth, Mamestra brassica, 47, 51 Codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, 20 Codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella, 303 Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella,... 

The Apple codhng moth (Laspeyresia pomonella) is a pest of worldwide distribution (Fig. 8.79). Its pheromone can be produced in a few stages starting from sorbic acid, via a cuprate-mediated Grignard coupling (a Schlosser-Fouquet reaction) as the essential step. [162]... 

Many sesquiterpenoid plant-derived kairomones have been reported (Hedin et al, 1974 Kelsey et al., 1984). In addition to monoterpenes, many sesquiterpenes that are not highly oxygenated also are found in essential oils. Several are known to possess kairomonal activity. (-f )-a-Copaene (58), from orange fruits, is an attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Teranishi et al., 1987). a-Famesene (59), from the skin of several varieties of apple and pear fruits, attracts newly hatched larvae of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella, a serious pest of pome fruits (Jacobson, 1982 Sutherland et al., 1977). 

When neriifolin (31) is applied to the roots of canteloupe plants, more than 70% mortality of neonate larvae of the codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella) occurred (Reed et al, 1982). The toxin appears to have a systemic effect. The development and molting of larvae of Acrolepiopsis assec-tella are inhibited when die larvae are fed digitonin. This insect normally feeds on species of Allium (Liliaceae) that do not have cardenolides. ITie addition of cholesterol to the diet prevents these deliterious changes (Arnault and Mau-champ, 1985). 

Sex Pheromone of Laspeyresia pomonella L.—Some controversy exists over the structure of the sex pheromone produced by the virgin female codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella L. The -8, -10-dodecadien-l-ol structure (220) was proposed for the pheromone in 1971, largely on the basis of electroantennograms of model compounds, and Descoins and Henrick have recently reported a synthesis of (220), which has been found to be very attractive to male moths in the field. Independent spectroscopic and chemical degradation data, obtained by McDonough et al. have, however, led to... 

Inc. has since used this process to successfully formulate several other experimental viral products including Syngrapha falcifera NPV and Autographa califomica NPV (Sandoz 404). This procedure is apparently not applicable to all NPV s, however, as the Choris-tonura NPV lost much activity when formulated by this process (10). Also, the spray dry formulation of Laspeyresia pomonella GV (Sandoz 406) was not stable as the loss of active product during storage was excessive. 

Periplaneta americana) (80), the codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella) (81), and the oak leaf roller moth (Archips semiferanus) (82). Eiter (83) offers critical comments on some pheromone identifications. 

A number of conjugated dienes have been identified as sex pheromones. Among these are (8 ,10 )-8,10-dodecadien-l-ol (475, Scheme 84) from the codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella), (7 , 9Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (490, Scheme 86) from the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana), ( )- and (Z)-9,ll-dodecadien-l-yl acetates (518a and 518b, respectively, see Scheme 90) from the red bollworm moth (Diparopsis castanea), and (10 , 12Z)-10,12-hexadecadien-l-ol (498, Scheme 87) from the silkworm moth (Bombyx mori). 

Throughout the apple and pear orchards of Canada and northwestern U. S., only a few major pests need be contained population monitoring and control are especially promising. Monitoring, combined with visual inspection for the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella, is successfully... 

Audemard, H., F. Beauvais, and C. Descoins La lutte contre le carpocapse (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) avec une pheromone sexuelle de synthese par la methode de confusion des males premier essay en verger commercial de pommiers. Rev. Zool. Agric. et Pathol. Veg. 76, 15—24 (1977). 

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