Laser-induced association

Heather R W and Julienne P S 1993 Theory of laser-induced associative Ionization of ultracold Na Phys.Rev. A 47 1887... 

Luntz AC, Persson M, Wagner S, Frischkom C, Wolf M (2006) Femtosecond laser induced associative desorption of H from Ru(OOOl) Comparison of first principles theory with experiment. J Chem Phys 124 244702... 

Heather RW, Julienne PS. (1993) Theory of laser-induced associative ionization of ultracold Na. Phys. Rev. A 47 1887-1906. 

Figure 2. Laser-induced fluorescence and action spectra acquired in the ICl B—X, 2-0 spectral region. The LIF spectrum, panel (a), is dominated by the intense I Cl and I Cl transitions at lower energies. Features associated with transitions of the T-shaped He I C1(X, v" = 0) and hnear He I C1(A, v" = 0) and He I C1(X, v" = 0) conformers are observed to higher energy and are rs 100 times weaker than the monomer features. The action spectra, (b), was recorded by probing the I Cl E—B, 10-1 transition, or the Av = — 1 vibrational predissociation channel.

We consider a model for the pump-probe stimulated emission measurement in which a pumping laser pulse excites molecules in a ground vibronic manifold g to an excited vibronic manifold 11 and a probing pulse applied to the system after the excitation. The probing laser induces stimulated emission in which transitions from the manifold 11 to the ground-state manifold m take place. We assume that there is no overlap between the two optical processes and that they are separated by a time interval x. On the basis of the perturbative density operator method, we can derive an expression for the time-resolved profiles, which are associated with the imaginary part of the transient linear susceptibility, that is,... 

Fig. 6.4. Statistical confidence level associated with the electric events synchronized with the laser pulses during a thunderstorm. The color scale is transparent below 98% (i.e., for error risks above 2%), leaving the topographical background uncovered. Arrowhead location of the laser-induced plasma channel Arrow tail laser emitter. Topographic background courtesy of US Geological Survey [31]...

The dissociation constant (Kd) of a monoclonal antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate- (FITC)-labeled insulin and unlabeled insulins from several species were measured using CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) (9). Kd determinations were made by separating free FITC-labeled insulin and its complex with the antibody in equilibrated solutions in 6 s or less (Fig. 3). Dissociation and association rates for insulin, FITC-insulin, and the antibody are fast enough to reach equilibria in less... 

Steady-state luminescence of celestine is characterized by broad bands, which are associated with adsorption of water-organic complexes (Tarashchan 1978).The natural celestine in our study consisted of five samples. The laser-induced time-resolved technique enables us to detect strong emission bands but their interpretation is not finished yet (Fig. 4.32). 

The spectral-kinetic parameters of the green laser-induced luminescence of the sedimentary apatites allow its association with emission. The spectra... 

The spectra of the green laser-induced luminescence represented in Fig. 4.4a, together with their decay time, also allows its association with These luminescence spectra strongly differ from the spectral parameters of all known uranyl minerals. For this reason it is not possible to connect this type of green luminescence with finely dissipated uranyl phases. On the other hand, this luminescence is very similar in such different host minerals as sedimentary apatites, opalites, chalcedony, chert, quartz and barites. Luminescence independence from the minerals structure evidences that it may be connected with uranyl adsorption on the minerals surface, supposedly in the form of (UO2 X nH20)2+. 

Chemical Conversion Methods. Laser-Induced and Resonance Fluorescence of HO. Considerable effort has been applied to the measurement of HO in the stratosphere and troposphere. Ultraviolet fluorescence techniques based on lasers or resonance lamps have received a great deal of attention and study. Because HO concentrations are typically factors of one-tenth to one-hundredth those of H02 in the atmosphere, the difficulties associated with making HO measurements by using fluorescence [low signal-to-noise ratio, laser-generated HO, background fluorescence, etc. see the... 

Conventional analytical techniques generally operate at the part per million or higher levels. Some techniques such as laser photo acoustic spectroscopy are capable of measuring phenomena at the 10-8-10-6 mol/L level. The most sensitive conventional analytical techniques, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence, and ICP-MS are capable of measuring concentrations at the part per trillion level, that is, 1 part in 1012, but rarely does one see detection sensitivities at the single atom level as routinely found in some radioanalytical techniques. While techniques such as ICP-MS are replacing the use of neutron activation analysis in the routine measurement of part per billion concentrations, there can be no doubt about the unique sensitivity associated with radioanalytical methods. 

Because the chapter is about DOM, detailed information about the role of colloids and the analytical techniques are given elsewhere (e.g., Buffle and Leppard, 1995 Kretzschmar et al., 1999 Frimmel et al., 2007). Different separation techniques, like ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, and flow field-flow fractionation can be coupled with UV-vis absorption and ICP-MS to show the interaction of metals and colloids. Elements like Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co are associated mainly with smaller-size DOM fractions whereas Al, Fe, lanthanides, Sn, and Th are associated with larger-size DOM fractions (Bolea et al., 2006). The laser-induced breakdown detection (LIBD) is a new, sensitive method for the quantification of aquatic colloids of lower-range nanometer size in very low concentration, which cannot be... 

The thermal, unsensitized infrared laser, and SiF4 laser sensitized decomposition of 1,2-dichloropropane were described by Tsang and coworkers96. The dichloro substrate yielded via four reaction channels 3-chloropropene, cw-l-chloropropene, trans- 1-chloro-propene and 2-chloropropene. These products have also been observed in thermal and laser-induced processes. Comparative data of the dichloropropane decomposition between the laser-induced experiment and the other pyrolytic methods indicated the former to be associated with complex phenomena with infrared multiphoton-induced decomposition. Consequently, a wide range of processes appeared to occur and the unimolecular rate parameters can be unambigously interpreted only at definite high pressure. 

Abstract. A recently developed new method to monitor reaction kinetics of intermolecular interaction is reviewed. This method is based on the measurement of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient using the pulsed-laser-induced transient grating technique. Using this method, conformation change, transient association, and transient dissociation on reactions are successfully detected. The principle and some applications to studies on changes in the intermolecular interactions of photosensor proteins (e.g., photoactive yellow protein, phototropins, AppA) in the time domain are described. In particular, unique features of this time-dependent diffusion coefficient method are discussed. 

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