Lampreys

Other Biological Applications. 4-Nitro-3-(trifluorometh5i)phenol [88-30-2] (TFM) is stiU employed by the Canadian Bureau of Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a lampricide for the control of parasitic sea lamprey in the Great Lakes (see Aquaculture). 

Pasture, A., et al. Stmctural alignment and analysis of two distantly related proteins Aplysia limacina myoglobin and sea lamprey globin. Proteins 4 240-250, 1988. 

Melanocortins were identified in common ancestors of lampreys and gnathostomes over 700 million years ago and are little changed throughout evolution. They... 

The Great Lakes have suffered the invasion of numerous exotic species of which the smelt, alewife and sea lamprey are probably the best known. More recently, two more species have entered the lakes probably via ballast water from foreign ships. The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cemuus) a small percid, feeds on the eggs and larvae of other percids and whitefish. The ruffe is currently considered to be a threat to Lake Superior s 5- 10 million whitefish fishery. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) was discovered in Lake St. Clair in 1985 (31). It has subsequently been discovered at locations throughout the Great Lakes and is of major concern not only environmentally but economically. It has already colonized numerous industrial and domestic water intakes in sufficient numbers to entirely block water flow and is also an intermediate host to parasites which eventually invade fish. 

Fig. 6.1 Interrelationships of chemoreceptors internal (neurotransmitters) and external chemosignals. Phylogenetic connections for sequences in transmembrane (Fig. 6.2) domains Nos. = bootstrap values from 100 Megaline searches (based on majority consensus tree). Invertebrate — DrOR fruit-fly, CeOR nematode vertebrate — FOR fish, LOR (1 2) lamprey, MOR mouse VR (1 2) vomeronasal (from Dryer and Berghard, 1999).

Adams M., Teeter J.H., Katz Y. and Johnsen P.B. (1987). Sex pheromones of the sea lamprey steroid studies on urinary products. J Chem Ecol 13, 387-395. 

Hagelin, L.-O. and Johnels, A. (1955). On the structure and function of the accessory olfactory organ in lampreys. Acta Zool 36, 113-125. 

Northcutt R.G. and Puzdrowski R. (1988). Projections of the olfactory bulb and Nervus terminalis in the Silver Lamprey. Brain Behav Evol 2, 96-107. 

Thornhill R.A. (1972). Ultrastructure of the accessory olfactory organ in the River Lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Acta Zool 53, 49-56. 

Tobet S.A., Sower S. and Schwarting G. (1997). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone containing neurons and olfactory fibers during development from lamprey to mammals. Brain Res Bull 44, 479-486. 

Shreier et al. [77] developed an HPLC method for the determination of Bayluscide residues in muscle fillet tissues of fish exposed to Bayluscide and 3-(trifluoro-methyl)-4-nitrophenol during sea lamprey control treatments in the Great Lakes (USA). 

Sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, Great Lakes, 1978, whole ... 

Kaiser, K.L.E. 1982. Early trend determination of organochlorine contamination from residue ratios in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and its lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) host. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39 571-579. 

Sediments and biota collected from the Hersey River, Michigan, in 1978, were heavily contaminated with phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene when compared to a control site. Elevated PAH concentrations were recorded in sediments, whole insect larvae, crayfish muscle, and flesh of lampreys (family Petromyzontidae), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), in that general order (Black et al. 1981). The polluted collection locale was the former site of a creosote wood preservation facility between 1902 and 1949, and, at the time of the study, received Reed City wastewater treatment plant effluent, described as an oily material with a naphthalene-like odor (Black et al. 1981). In San Francisco Bay, elevated PAH concentrations in fish livers reflected elevated sediment PAH concentrations (Stehr et al. 1997). In Chesapeake Bay, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) collected from a PAH-contaminated tributary (up to 96 mg PAHs/kg DW sediment) had elevated cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity in liver and intestine microsomes (Van Veld et al. 1990). Intestinal P-450 activity was 80 to 100 times higher in fish from highly contaminated sites than in conspecifics from reference sites intestinal EROD activity had a similar trend. Liver P-450 and EROD activity was about 8 times higher in spot from the contaminated sites when compared to the reference sites. Liver P-450 activity correlated positively with sediment PAH, but intestinal P-450 activity seemed to reflect dietary exposure (Van Veld et al. 1990). The poor correlation between hepatic concentrations of PAHs and P-4501A is attributed to the rapid metabolism of these compounds (van der Weiden et al. 1994). 

Handl, J. and A. Pfau. 1989. Long-term transfer of 1-129 into the food chain. Sci. Total Environ. 85 245-252. Handl, J., A. Pfau, and F.W. Huth. 1990. Measurements of 129I into the food chain. Health Phys. 58 609-618. Hanson, L.H. 1990. Sterilizing effects of cobalt-60 and cesium-137 radiation on male sea lampreys. North Amer. Jour. Fish. Manage. 10 352-361. 

Pancer, Z., et al., Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey, Nature, 430, 174, 2004. 

Olfactory glomeruli must have evolved early, because these characteristic structures are present in the "olfactory brains" of modem representatives of ancient marine groups including molluscs (5) and crustaceans (6). Likewise the lampreys, which are extant representatives of the most primitive vertebrates, have relatively large olfactory bulbs with glomeruli and conspicuous mitral cells not unlike those of more advanced vertebrates (7). 

The selective lampricide, 3-trif1uoromethy1-4-nitrophenol (TFM), is used to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes (12, 13). Recent studies have shown that in rats TFM is primarily biotransformed to reduced TFM (14). The major metabolite (Figure 1) found in rainbow trout (Salmo gaivdnevi), however, was the glucuronide conjugate of TFM (IS, 16). 

B. G. H., Smith, M. A. Use of 3 trif1uormethy1-4-nitrophenol as a selective sea lamprey larvicide. Great Lakes Fish. 

Schnick, R. A. A review of literature on TFM (3-trifluor-methyl-4-nitrophenol) as a lamprey larvicide. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Invest. Fish Control (1972), 44, 31 pp. 

Lech, J. J., Statham, C. N. Role of glucuronide formation in the selective toxicity of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) for the sea lamprey comparative aspects of TFM uptake and conjugation in sea lamprey and rainbow trout. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1975), 37(1) 150-158. 

Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol(TMF) Sea lamprey Trout Glucuronide Bile 11... 

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