Lake Michigan, USA

Eisenreich SJ. 1980. Atmospheric input of trace metals to Lake Michigan (USA). Water Air Soil Pollut 13 287-302. 

Petty, W. H., Delcourt, P. A. Delcourt, H. R. (1996). Holocene lake-level fluctuations and beach-ridge development along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, USA. Journal of Paleolimnology, 15, 147-69. 

Lake Washington, Washington, USA 1 6 analyses from a sediment core Michigan City Harbor, Lake Michigan,... 

The only current-use OC pesticide tracked by IADN, other than lindane, is endosulfan. Endosulfan is currently used at approximately 25 000 kg/year in Ontario alone in the mid-1990s [53]. It has a variety of uses in the Great Lakes region, but its heaviest application is in the southern USA, on cotton. In 1997-1998, total atmospheric fluxes of a-endosulfan were highest in Lakes Erie and Ontario, in the range of 27-34 ng/m2/day, whereas values for remote Lake Superior were in the range of 1.7-2.5 ng/m2/day. Insufficient data were collected to allow estimates for Lakes Michigan and Huron, or for all lakes for endosulfan sulfate. 

Argyilan EP, Forman SL, Johnston JW, Wilcox DA (2005) Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late holocene raised strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA. QuatemRes 63(2) 122-135... 

Most species that have been studied are from Russia (Volga River, Lake Baikal) a few others are from the USA (Calumet River, IL Lake Lagunita, CA Lake Michigan), the Middle East (Jordan River, Hula Lake, Tiberias Lake) and Japan (Shuinji Lake). 

The residence time of lead compounds predicts their accumulation and redistribution in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. McDonald [47] has estimated the average residence time for aerosols in urban-industrial areas of the USA to be 10 h, with some locations as low as 2 h. For urban, non-industrial, areas a range of 3-26 h was determined. Both sets of data assumed mixing heights of 100-1,000 m. These data are supported by Edgington and Robbins [19] who estimate a 10 h residence time above Lake Michigan, and Winchester et al. [75] who found the residence time of particulate lead halide to be less than one day. 

Peter C. Eklund, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA Philip J. Johnson, Ford Motor Company, Automotive Components Division, Schaefer Court II, 14555 Rotunda Drive, Dearborn, Michigan 48120, USA Costa Komodromos, Gas Research Centre, British Gas, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LEI 1 36U, United Kingdom Max L. Lake, Applied Sciences, Inc. 141 West Xenia Avenue, Cederville, Ohio 45314, USA... 

USA Great Lakes states (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) 85 measurements 0.74 (mean <50 pm) Clayton et al. (1999)... 

The current trend data for PCBs in lake trout collected for the US program are shown in Fig. 12 (Swackhamer, unpublished data, 2005). These data indicate that PCBs declined rapidly following their ban in both the USA and Canada in the early to mid-1970s. This decline was consistent with a first-order decay, and has been described in that manner previously [277,304]. The rate of decline in PCBs in Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan clearly changed in the mid-1980s [277]. Since then, the PCB concentrations in the upper three lakes have declined at a much slower rate, if at all. The half-fives in the 1970s were on the order of 4-6 years, while the half-fives since the... 

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