Lagoon water

Table II. Mean concentration ranges in the central Lagoon waters (min -max 4 seasonal samplings, /imol T ). Area A is represented by 6 stations, area D by 4.

For leaching from lagoons, water consumption was considered the route of possible exposure to the pollutants. Estimated acceptable drinking water levels were determined by... 

This cleanup procedure was also applied for routine analysis of TCs in ground water and lagoon water samples [59] and for shrimps [77]. 

Alkylphenol derivatives in the Mediterranean Sea The behaviour of lipophilic metabolites of AgPEO in the Venice lagoon, Italy, was studied in detail by Marcomini et al. [2,3]. Salinity in this estuary is in the range of 25-35%o, and both industrial and domestic wastewater is discharged into the lagoon. Water samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) [2]. 

Pei R, Cha J, Carlson KH et al (2007) Response of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to biological treatment in dairy lagoon water. Environ Sci Technol 41(14) 5108-5113... 

Buffam, I., and McGlathery, K.J. (2003) Effect of ultraviolet light on dissolved nitrogen transformations in coastal lagoon water. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48, 723-734. 

Extensive measurements on DMS and DMSP have been done in different parts of the oceans (Kettle et al. 1999 and references therein) including estuarine and lagoon waters (Iverson et al. 1989 Moret et al. 2000). A few studies have been made in the Indian Ocean, which include Hatton et al. (1999), Shenoy et al. (2000, 2002), Kumar et al. (2002) and Shenoy and Patil (2003) and some unpublished data in eastern Indian Ocean (of T.S. Bates, as mentioned by Kettle et al. 1999) and for Amsterdam station (Nguyen et al. 1990,1992). 

Nitrogen fixation also occurs in the lagoonal waters of coral reefs and this may contribute to the nitrogen economy of these systems as well. Biegala and Raimbault (2008) recently reported on the relatively high densities of diazotrophic coccoid cyanobacteria in coral lagoon waters of New Caledonia. 

BeU, P. R. F. (1992). Eutrophication and coral reefs some examples in the great-barrier-reef lagoon. Water Res. 26(5), 553—568. 

Both microfiltration (02 m) and ultrafiltration (4 nm) alumina membranes are very effective in removing bacterias. For example, the bacteria level of a lagoon water is reduced from 1,000-5,000/cm to 0.03-0.4/cm and 0.03-0.1/cm with the microHltration and ultrafiltration membrane, respectively [Castelas et al., 1984]. The total coliform level drops from 50-500/cm to zero for both types of membranes. The accompanying permeate flux is 600-1,200 L/hr-m for 70 hours for the microfiltration membrane when the water contains a low level of colloids and only 200 L/hr-m for 20 hours when the concentrations of colloids and organic materials are high. The ultrafiltration flux varies between 100 and 250 L/hr-m for 1,000 hours of operation. 

Figure 4 The changes in the cations and anions during the evaporation of Mexican lagoon waters (source...

Mumroa and Fangataufa lagoon waters. These results come from annual measurements carried out by the SMSR during systematic monitoring of the ocean and lagoon waters, and also during special studies such as vertical profile determination in northern Mururoa in 1990. 

Bourlat et al. (1995) have presented results on the plutonium radioactivity levels in Mururoa lagoon water during the 1985-1991 period. The low radioactivity levels recorded, from 0.01 to 1.5 Bq/m are due to the slow solubilization of plutonium deposited in lagoon sediments following atmospheric experiments which took place from 1966 to 1974. The average concentrations of the lagoon water decrease from one year to the next. Since the Mururoa lagoon is open to the ocean, plutonium radioactivity traces are also detectable in the immediate vicinity of the atoll. 

The aquatic sampling and surveillance campaign was conducted over four weeks using five naval vessels. Gamma spectrometric surveys were made of the sea bed in order to optimise sampling. Over 300 samples were collected (from lagoon water, ocean water, sediment pore water, sediment, corals and biota). Some 13 000 litres of water and 1 tonne of solid samples were collected, processed, packaged and transported to Monaco for distribution to analytical laboratories. 

Bourlat, Y., Millies-Lacroix, J.-C. and Nazard, R., Determination of plutonium radioactivity in Mururoa lagoon water. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Articles, 197 (2) (1995) 393-414. 

VENICE Water/Venice 13 x 11 x 44 Location Quality Parameter Time Logarithm/ center/scale Study of the influence of industry on lagoon water quality, seasonality... 

The removal of 14-C dioxin from lagoon water by flocculation with varying amounts of aluminum followed by centrifugation is illustrated in Table I. 

Table I. Removal of 14-C Dioxin spike from Lagoon Water by Flocculation with Aluminum Salts...

Table II. Removal of Dioxin from Lagoon Water at Plant Site by Alum Flocculation...

Kolz AC, Moorman TB, Ong SK, Scoggin KD, Douglass EA, Degradation and metabolite production of tylosin in anaerobic and aerobic swine-manure lagoons. Water Environ Res. 2005 77 49-56. 

Consistently, the floral samples contained the lowest levels of all contaminants. The levels were all significantly lower than those observed in either the lagoon or the bees. These results are to be expected because the majority of plants in the study site were not taking up the contaminants directly from the lagoon water and therefore, the redistribution of contaminants to the plants in the area was somewhat limited. 

Table 5.39. Diffusion fluxes of sulfur across sediment-seawater interface in the Nansha coral reef lagoon waters, South China Sea (Song and Li, 1996b)...

The fireball, writes Leona Marshall Libby, expanded to 3 miles in diameter. Observers, all evacuated to 40 miles or more away, saw milhons of gallons of [atoll] lagoon water, turned to steam, appear as a giant bubble. 

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