Lagoon mouth

The term mouth is recommended to be used either in a wide sense as a reduced version and absolute synonym if the term mouth area (in this case, the use of the term river mouth is quite necessary) or in a narrow sense as applied to the point of inflow of any watercourse to another watercourse (tributary mouth) or to a receiving basin (delta branch mouth) as well as to the outlet to the open sea from a semi-enclosed coastal water body (liman mouth, lagoon mouth, estuary mouth). 

Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries, Robert J. Livingston Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, David S. Cronan Handbook for Restoring Tidal Wetlands, Joy B. Zedler Intertidal Deposits River Mouths, Tidal Flats, and Coastal Lagoons, Doeke Eisma... 

One major concept applicable to problems dealing with the behavior of carbonic acid and carbonate minerals in seawater is the idea of a "constant ionic media". This concept is based on the general observation that the salt in seawater is close to constant in composition, i.e., the ratios of the major ions are the same from place to place in the ocean. Seawater in evaporative lagoons, pores of marine sediments, and near river mouths can be exceptions to this constancy. Consequently, the major ion composition of seawater can generally be determined from salinity. It has been possible, therefore, to develop equations in which the influences of seawater compositional changes on carbonate equilibria can be... 

Estuary Region of interaction between rivers and near-shore ocean waters, where tidal action and river flow mix fresh and salt water. Such areas include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, and lagoons. These brackish water ecosystems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and wildlife. 

Restricted lagoon system with very few inlets or having a wide mouth. 

The character of the coastal zone defines the morphology and type of the coasts. In mountainous areas, abrasive coasts dominate. In many cases, they are complicated owing to the development of intensive landslide and caving processes and thus may be referred to as the abrasive-denudational type. In plain and low areas, the coasts are mostly accumulative. Lagoonal and deltaic coasts are confined to the areas near river mouths. 

Sometimes semi-enclosed coastal water bodies are situated between a mouth reach of the river and open nearshore zone [20]. These intermediate parts of the river mouth areas can be presented as narrow sea bays, lagoons, limans, and estuaries. These coastal water bodies are often separated from the open nearshore by coastal bars, spits, barrier islands, etc. and connected with it through relatively narrow outlets. These semi-enclosed coastal water bodies are characterized by active interaction and mixing of river and seawater. 

The majority of very small and small rivers have similar type mouths. They have, as a rule, a single channel, which can be blocked during low-flow period by coastal bars or spits composed of sand or pebble. Only several rivers of these categories have in their mouths small coastal water bodies similar to lagoons or limans and belong to the II type (semi-enclosed mouths without deltas). Mouths of this kind can be found in very low and flat coastal plains along the southwestern and northwestern parts of the Black Sea and the northern part of the Sea of Azov. 

The successful establishment of such species in the Black Sea is favored by natural factors such as the diversity of habitats both in the sea proper and in its bays, lagoons, and river mouths the favorable food conditions for benthofagous, planktivorous, and predator species and the existence of free ecological niches because of the low species diversity of the Black Sea flora and fauna both in the near-shore benthic zone and in the pelagic area of the basin. 

The method was applied to the determination of mercuiy(II), copper(II), lead(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) in the marine organisms under study, namely Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Tapes Philippinarum, and tuna fish (Thunnus thymus species) sampled during the Summer 2012 in three sites located in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) between the Goro Bay and the Ravenna Lagoon (1 Goro Bay area 2 Reno River Mouth area 3 Ravenna Lagoon area). The experimental results are reported in Table 19. 

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