Lactobionic acid production

Kiryu T, Yamauchi K, Masuyama A, Ooe K, Kimura T, Kiso T, Nakano H, Murakami H (2012) Optimization of lactobionic acid production by Acetobacter orientalis isolated from Caucasian fermented milk, Caspian Sea Yogurt . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 76 361-363 Kobayashi H, Kohya S, Kawashima K, Kim W-S, Tanaka H, Motoki M, Kasamo K, Kusakabe I, Murakami K (1992) Deodorization of soybean protein with microorganisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 56 530-531... 

Very precise kinetic experiments were performed with sponge Ni and Ru/C catalysts in a laboratory-scale pressurized slurry reactor (autoclave) by using small catalyst particles to suppress internal mass transfer resistance. The temperature and pressure domains of the experiments were 20-70 bar and 110-130°C, respectively. Lactitol was the absolutely dominating main product in all of the experiments, but minor amounts of lactulose, lactulitol, lactobionic acid, sorbitol and galactitol were observed as by-products on both Ni and Ru catalysts. The selectivity of the main product, lactitol typically exceeded 96%. 

K. -G. Gerling, Large-scale production of lactobionic acid - used and new applications, International Dairy Federation, Whey proceedings of the second international whey conference (1998) 251. 

Xylose hydrogenation gave xylitol as a main product (selectivity typically over 99 %) and arabinitol, xylulose and xylonic acid as by-products, in lactose hydrogenation, the main product was lactitol (selectivity typically between 97 and 99 %) and lactulitol, galactitol, sorbitol and lactobionic acid were obtained as by-products. 

Bacterial oxidations may yield useful products. Vinegar may be obtained from whey in the acetic acid fermentation. Lactobionic acid may be obtained in high yields by the action of Pseudomonas graveolens on the lactose in whey. Fermented whey can be used as a food or beverage. The reader who is interested in a more detailed discussion of these and some other fermentations employing whey as a substrate should consult the discussion by Marth (1970). 

Production of lactobionic acid from lactose through bacterial oxidation is of some interest because of the properties of this substance. Lockwood and Stodola (1950), using/ graveolens, recovered lactobionic acid in 77% yield from a fermentation mixture containing the following per-liter 96 g of anhydrous lactose, 0.62 g of KH2P04, 0.25 g... 

The sequestering and emulsifying properties of lactobionic acid suggest a commercial potential for this product. In addition, it is a solubilizing agent for calcium salts. Solutions of calcium lactobionate containing up to 70% of the salt have been prepared and may be useful as a source of calcium (Kastens and Baldauski 1952). 

The 3rields of aldonic and oxalic acids are shown in Table XI. They are based on the amount of sugar oxidized (determined by reducing value) and not on the total amount of starting material. The formation of L-arabonic acid occurs with the highest percentage yield, but even this is low compared with other methods of preparation. As the lactobionic acid was isolated as the calcium lactobionate-calcium bromide salt, the actual amount of product, expressed in millimoles, is very low. 

A synthetic hypersulfeted lactobionic acid amide (Aprosulate) has been developed for prophylactic antithrombotic use. This agent produces its action via heparin cofactor II and by inhibiting protease generation. The bioavailability of this agent is better than that of dermatan and heparan sulfetes. However, this product exhibits heparin-induced ftirombocytopenic effects and some teratogenetic potential. Thus, its use in clinical trials has been stopped. 

Lactobionic acid (P-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 4)D-gluconic acid, LB A) is a relatively new product and an aldonic acid obtained from the oxidation of lactose, with high potential application as an ingredient in foods and pharmaceutical products, because of its antioxidant, chelating, and humectant properties (Gutierrez... 

The indirect electrochemical oxidation of aldoses to the corresponding aldonic acids 273-27 ), which was carried out industrially as early as about 1930, is still used today for production on the tonne scale by Sandoz 27 S) and in India 276). Specific examples are the anodic oxidation of lactose to calcium lactobionate 275,277 278) ... 

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