Laboratory to pilot plant

Review of coal Hquefaction research may be found ia References 1—3. Hereia, those processiag schemes for coal Hquefactioa that, siace the 1970s, have received atteatioa beyoad the laboratory to pilot plants or process development units are presented. 

Chaumont, C. et al., Scaling up a tubular photoreactor for continuous culture of Porphyridium cruentum from laboratory to pilot plant, m Algal Biotechnology, Stadler, T. et al., Eds., Elsevier, London, 1988, 199. 

A part of the test plan must include testing for the consequences of equipment malfunction, deviations in process conditions, and human error. Bench-scale equipment, for example, the RC1, is quite suitable for such experiments. By analysis of the process, critical conditions can be defined, which then need to be tested in order to be able to proceed safely from the laboratory to pilot plant studies. In testing abnormal conditions or process deviations, caution is required to assure that no uncontrollable hazard is created in the laboratory. Typical deviations, including impact on the process, are discussed in the following paragraph. 

Ensuring Information Handoff (Laboratory to Pilot Plant to Plant)... 

In order to maximize the benefit of any identified improvement, administrative procedures should be created and implemented which define distribution or lines of communication for information related to chemical reactivity hazard management improvements. Examples of such lines include those from laboratories to pilot plants to production facilities. 

The success of these selective nitrations relies on the application on recent nitration technology - the use of flow reactors. The following is a discussion of some important work conducted at DERA and illustrates the research and development transition from laboratory to pilot plant scale synthesis of energetic materials. ... 

An example in this case is the pilot plant, which can report to either R D or manufacturing. The fact that there are more—and more demanding— technology transfers from laboratory to pilot plant than from pilot plant to industrial scale speaks in favor of the first option. The fact that both the pilot and industrial plants use the same site infrastructure (utilities, maintenance, internal transports, etc.) favors the subordination to manufacturing. An authoritarian decision by the CEO can avoid a lot of wasted time in such situations. 

J. S. Budew, edAlgae Culture From Laboratory to Pilot Plant, Publication 600, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, D.C., 1953, pp. 55-62. 

In this chapter we discuss important issues as we move from laboratory to pilot plant and manufacturing. A review of batch process operation and pharmaceutical research is covered in Section 3.1.2, followed by laboratory vessels and reaction calorimetry in Section 3.1.3. In Section 3.1.4 heat transfer in process vessels is presented, including the effect of reactor type and heat transfer fluid on the vessel heat transfer capability. In Section 3.1.5 dynamic behavior based on simulation studies is discussed. 

Desikan, S. Anderson, S.R. Meenan, P.A. Toma, P.H. Crystallization challenges in drug development scale-up from laboratory to pilot plant and beyond. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Develop. 2000, 3 (6), 723-733. 

S Dapperheld, H Millauer, In Electrosynthesis from Laboratory to Pilot Plant to Production (JD Genders, D Fletcher, eds.). E Amherst, NY Electrosynthesis Company, 1990, pp 115-129. 

Kok B. (1953). Experiments on photosynthesis by Chlorella in flashing light. In JS Burlew (ed), Algal Culture From Laboratory to Pilot Plant. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 63-75. 

The product from the manufacturing-scale operation is shown in Fig. 10-7b. The prevention of fines formation resulted in an increase in filtration rate of 5x. A low reagent A contamination of 1% was also realized. Using these conditions, scale-up from laboratory to pilot plant to manufacturing, overall 2000x, was successful. The effect of addition time on the amount of the reaction/crystallization actually carried out in the metastable region is shown in Fig. 10-8. 

Going from Laboratory to Pilot Plant to Production using Microreactors... 

Dillon Drive Wood Dale, IL 60191 Internet site www.chemimpex.com fine chemicals, especially amino acids and peptides laboratory to pilot plant... 

Tlie chhal nature of biomolecules and, increasingly, of APIs requires the production of enantiomerically pure compounds. Tlie difference in biological activity of the two enantiomers of a chiral drag has raised the demand for enantiomerically pure products, especially in the phaimaceutical and veteiinaiy industry. Simulated moving-bed chromatography is developing into an efficient tool for the separation of the two isomers of a chiral molecule, at all production scales, from laboratory to pilot plant to production plant. 

As the development program progresses and the synthesis becomes better defined, additional detail is t3rpically provided for the process description. This may occur about the time in development when the synthesis is being scaled from laboratory to pilot plant scale equipment. At this time, acceptance criteria should be considered for key process raw materials, particularly the starting materials. 

Burlew, J.S., Ed. "Algal Culture from Laboratory to Pilot Plant", Carnegie Institute of Washington Washington, D.C. 1953. 

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