Abnormal conditions/tests

A part of the test plan must include testing for the consequences of equipment malfunction, deviations in process conditions, and human error. Bench-scale equipment, for example, the RC1, is quite suitable for such experiments. By analysis of the process, critical conditions can be defined, which then need to be tested in order to be able to proceed safely from the laboratory to pilot plant studies. In testing abnormal conditions or process deviations, caution is required to assure that no uncontrollable hazard is created in the laboratory. Typical deviations, including impact on the process, are discussed in the following paragraph. 

Good practice guidelines illustrate how these parameters are typically examined for both normal and postulated abnormal conditions, such as variations in reactant quantity, concentration, agitation, sequence, time, failure of utilities, and instrumentation. Qualitative hazard evaluation protocols are not well suited for such complex chemical phenomena (e.g., the severity of an uncontrolled reaction under a loss of electrical power may not be apparent without sufficient test data). 

Any abnormal conditions should be documented or reported and corrected prior to OQ testing. 

Subacute exposure 1. Less than acute. 2. Of or pertaining to a disease or other abnormal condition present in a person who appears to be clinically well. The condition may be identified or discovered by means of a laboratory test or by radiologic examination. 

Some applications are project specific and will always require a high level of testing in accordance with GAMP category 5 [2], Any such applications (whether within the OCS, MBS or ERP layer) need to be rigorously and proactively tested. Such tests should not only focus upon the "normal" functioning of the application but also test the application s response to "abnormal" conditions. 

Abnormal operation and fault conditions. Tests to limit risk of fire and electric shock from the equipment. Various abnormal operation and fault conditions are applied, such as electrical shorts/opens, component failures, mechanical faults, blocked vents, and overloads. The equipment s temperatures and electrical outputs are monitored during these tests. The product... 

Requirements-based tests are usually classified as either normal (i.e., tests if the requirements are satisfied) or robustness (i.e., tests if the requirements are robust, meaning not prone to violation by abnormal conditions such as fault and failure conditions caused hy errors). Normal and robustness tests, including compatibihty with hardware, consist of the following ... 

The RAMS is designed to monitor ambient gamma (y) radiation levels. The typical range for RAMS units is O.l mR/h to 10 R/h. Alarm set points are established at levels appropriate to the area being monitored, and to provide an indication of an abnormal condition. RAMS are located in Zone 2 where routine manned operations are conducted. RAMS units are calibrated and tested in compliance with the SNL RPPM Chapter 12. 

Answer by author Tests have been conducted using these processes as well as others such as electric discharge, hot filaments and pneumatic compression. However, the bulk of the test data developed to date has been based on impact testing since it was considered that such procedure most closely resembles the abnormal conditions found in a propellant transfer system. 

From the data base, one alarm is selected and tested for validity and basis test along with objective analysis. There is difference between alert with alarm (see Fig. IX/4.1 1), according to the standard definition of alarm (ISA 18.2). So conditions are analyzed such as abnormal condition, requiring operator action, etc. Other major factors here are consequence, corrective action, confirmation, and operator response time. 

Finally, some people who have been on TPN for 5 months or longer have developed bone demineralization and bone pain. Therefore, patients receiving TPN for the first time should be monitored carefully by blood chemistries, blood gas analyses, urine collection and analyses, and other laboratory tests for metabolism so that the appropriate therapies may be administered for any abnormal conditions that may develop. 

We have then tested the performance of the modified AAKR on the same abnormal condition transient introduced in Section 4. Figure 4 shows... 

I. C systems for process plants depend for their safe and continuous operation, under normal and abnormal conditions, on independent dedicated electrical, pneumatic and possibly hydraulic sources of power. These power sources should be installed, inspected, tested and made operational as early as practicable, so as to be available for the inspection, testing, calibration and adjustment of the components and ensembles constituting the plant s I. C systems. Batteries provide DC power directly or provide secure AC power through an inverter. Instrument air is produced by oil free compressor sets delivering to an air receiver via filters and air dryers. In an application where hydraulic power is required, the necessary pump sets, filters, reservoir and accumulator, can be integrated into a self-contained power pack. 

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