L-2- ethanol

It is well known that certain microorganisms are able to effect the deracemization of racemic secondary alcohols with a high yield of enantiomerically enriched compounds. These deracemization processes often involve two different alcohol dehydrogenases with complementary enantiospedficity. In this context Porto ef al. [24] have shown that various fungi, induding Aspergillus terreus CCT 3320 and A. terreus CCT 4083, are able to deracemize ortho- and meta-fluorophenyl-l-ethanol in good... 

Figure 7. Effect of sample size on apparent molecular weight for soya lecithin phosphatide fractions (conditions same as for Figures 5 and 6 (O) ethanol-soluble fraction (phosphatidyl choline), oligomer GPC (%) ethanol-soluble fraction (phosphatidyl choline), "main column (l ) ethanol-insoluble fraction (other phos-p hat ides), "oligomer GPC (A) ethanol-insoluble fraction (other phosphatides),...

Tebuconazole (provided by Bayer), Q -[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-o -(l,l-dimethyl-ethyl)-li/-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol. Molar mass 307.8, (M- -H)+ ion observed at approximately m/z 308.1 [liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)] Tebuconazole-fnflzoZe-i,2,4-- fV3 (provided in acetonitrile solution by Bayer), [ NsJtebuconazole stable-isotope internal standard, o -[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-Q -(l,l-dimethylethyl)-li/- A3-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol. Molar mass 310.8, (M -I- H)+ ion observed at approximately m/z 311.1 (LC/MS)... 

C. CPB 16,217(1968). Suspend 0.2 M (II) and Zn-Hg from 200 g Zn and 20 g HgCI2 in 2 L ethanol and add with vigorous stirring portions of concentrated HCI until the yellow color disappears. Continue stirring one-half hour, filter, evaporate in vacuum to get about 0.14 M of the amine. 

The oxidative cyclization of chiral 2-pyrrolidino-l-ethanol derivatives is shown in the reaction of 251 with trimethyl-amine iV-oxide and a substoichiometric amount of cyclohexadiene iron tricarbonyl to produce the corresponding oxazolopyrrolidine ring 252. The mechanism of this reaction is unknown. Both amine oxide and iron complex are essential for the reaction (Equation 39) <2005TL3407>. 

In Eq. (88), dn0/dl expresses how the refractive index % of the binary solvent alone varies with its composition expressed as volume fraction 4>y of liquid-1. Clearly, if liquids 1 and 3 are iso-refractive or nearly so, then M = M2, that is, a LS experiment will yield the true molecular weight irrespective of the composition of the mixed solvent. This situation is exemplified133) by the system polystyrene -ethyl-acetate (l)-ethanol (3) for which the molecular weight in mixed solvents of different 0i is the same as that obtained in pure ethylacetate (Fig. 40). The values of dn /d0j for the mixed solvents are only of the very small order of ca. 0.01, whilst the values of dn/dc for the polymer solutions are large (ca. 0.22 ml/g). 

The LIF spectral shifts Av and the fluorescence lifetimes t concerning the complexes between F/j = (R)- or F = (5)-2-naphthyl-l-ethanol and a variety of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols and terpenes (M) are hsted in Table 1.102.329,330... 

Fig. 6 Bottom-up (i) fluorescence excitation spectrum of the 1 1 diastereomeric complexes between (5)-2-naphthyl-l-ethanol (F ) and 2-butanol (M /M ) (ii) hole-burning spectrum obtained with the probe tuned on the transition located at - 136 cm ([F M ] complex) (iii) (c) hole-burning spectrum obtained with the probe tuned on the transition located at — 69 cm ([F -Ms] complex) (iv) hole-burning spectrum obtained with the probe tuned on the transition located at — 73 cm ([F -M/ ] complex). The probed band is denoted by A. The bands due to the bare chromophore are denoted by 2-NEtOH (reproduced by permission of the American Chemical Society).

Fig. 7 Calculated geometry of the 1 1 diastereomeric complexes of (5)-2-naphthyl-l-ethanol with either (lf)-2-hutanol (Sr(ag)) and (5)-2-hutanol (Ss(ag)).

Comparison of the Av values of diastereomeric complexes with 2-butanols, 2-pentanols, and 2-butylamines indicates that relative extent of electrostatic and dispersive forces depends upon the namre, the bulkyness, and the configuration of M. The A(Ar> ) = ((Ar )ijonjo — (Ai )i,etero) = +13 cm difference between the red shifts of the homochiral and the heterochiral complexes with 2-butanols finds a close analogy with LIF red-shift difference of the corresponding adducts with F/ = (/ )-(+)-2-naphthyl-l-ethanol (A(Ai ) = ((Aji)homo (AF)hetero)= +H cm Table 1). However, while LIF results from the diastereomeric [F/j M] (M = 2-pentanol) complexes are qualitatively similar to those with the other secondary... 

The increase in absorption at 339 nm was measured for 5 min. From the experimental data, the reciprocal plot (1/F versus l/[ethanol]) was obtained. In this case, NAD was not present at a saturating concentration. Therefore, data were interpreted in terms of the kinetic equation for the Ordered Bi-Bi mechanism [144]. 

Ethanol is the major intoxicant in drinks that are made by the fermentation of sugar solutions by yeasts and is the most widely used non-therapeutic drug. A small sherry or whisky can raise the concentration of ethanol in the blood to 2-A mmol/L. Ethanol is taken up and metabolised by the liver but, if large quantities are consumed, the Uver cannot increase the rate of utilisation and the plasma concentration can reach 0.1 M/L, which can damage the liver (see below). 

A solution of ( )-l-(l-naphthyl)-l-ethanol (2.416 g, 14.0 mmol), DIPEA (1.93 mL, 10.5 mmol) and catalyst 45 (74 mg, 0.28 mmol) in CHCl (14 mL) was stirred at 0 for 15 min then treated with (n-Pr0)20 (1.35 mL, 10.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 for 10 h, at which time it was quenched with MeOH (10 mL), allowed to warm slowly and left for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH Clj, washed twice with 1 M HCl, then twice with saturated aqueous NaHCO, and dried (NaSO ). The solution was concentrated in vacuo and purified by PC on silica gel (Et O/hexanes, 1/19 —> 1/4) to give the ester (1.672 g, 52%, 82.5% ee by chiral-HPLC), and the alcohol (1.091 g, 45%, 98.8% ee by chiral-HPLC). The calculated selectivity value at 54.5% conversion was s = 52.3. The aqueous phase obtained during the work up was basified with 0.5 M NaOH and repeatedly extracted with CH Cl (until the aqueous phase was pale-yeUow), the extract was dried (Na SO ), concentrated in vacuo, and purified by FC on sfiica gel (i-PrOH/hexanes, 1/19 -> 1/9) to provide 50 mg of recovered catalyst 45 (68%). 

Metronidazole Metronidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-l-ethanol (37.2.10), is made by nitrating 2-methylimidazole to make 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (37.2.9), which is then reacted with 2-chloroethanol or ethylenoxide, which is easily transformed to the desired metronidazole [49,50]. 

Alcian Blue stain (2 g Alcian blue dissolved in 16 L ethanol 96% and 4 L glacial acetic acid). 

Synonyms Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine NJ -his 2-hydroxyethyl)amine DBA A,A-diethanolamine 2,2 -dihydroxydiethylamine di-(P-hydroxyethyl)amine di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine diolamine 2-(2-hydroxyethyl-amino)ethanol iminodiethanol TVA -iminodiethanol 2,2 -iminodi-l-ethanol... 

This calculated value is normally 280-290 mOsm/L. Ethanol and other alcohols may contribute significantly to the measured serum osmolality but, since they are not included in the calculation, cause an osmolar gap ... 

In contrast to the R-preference displayed by CALB, quite impressive S-preference toward several 1-aryl-l-ethanols can be achieved by using a protease, the commercially available subtilisin Carlsberg, as catalyst, and isopropenyl pen-tanoate as the acyl donor in THF in the presence of sodium carbonate [74]. To achieve a successful resolution, the protease has to be treated with a mixture of two surfactants, octyl-P-D-glycopyranoside and Brij 56 [the monocetyl ether of polyoxyethylene (10)], 4/1/1 by weight, at pH 7.2, and then lyophilized before use. 

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