L-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

The dehydration of fructose 40 or glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 41 is a process which has been exploited to convert biomass into higher value products. The reaction has been achieved using a chromium NHC complex, formed in situ from CrCl and the NHC 42 (Scheme 11.10) [16], The reaction is performed in the ionic liquid BMIM+Cl (l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). 

When the same [NiI (NHC)2] complexes are employed as alkene dimerisation catalysts in ionic liquid (IL) solvent [l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, AICI3, A-methylpyrrole (0.45 0.55 0.1)] rather than toluene, the catalysts were found to be highly active, with no evidence of decomposition. Furthermore, product distributions for each of the catalyst systems studied was surprisingly similar, indicating a common active species may have been formed in each case. It was proposed that reductive elimination of the NHC-Ni did indeed occur, as outlined in Scheme 13.8, however, the IL solvent oxidatively adds to the Ni(0) thus formed to yield a new Ni-NHC complex, 15, stabilised by the IL solvent, and able to effectively catalyse the dimerisation process (Scheme 13.9) [25-27],... 

Chloroaluminate ILs derived from l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride having two equivalents of aluminum chloride were effective catalysts for the Pechmann condensation of phenol with ethylacetoacetonate, Scheme 26. ... 

Three ionic liquids were purchased from Aldrich l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Homogeneous Co (II) catalyst precursors used in our experiments include Co(BF4)2, Co(OAc)2, and Co(C104)2 each of which have high solubilities in above ionic liquids. High surface area catalyst supports Si02 and AI2O3 were obtained from Davison and Engelhard, respectively. 

Domariska, U. and Bogel-Lukasik, E., Solid-liquid equilibria for systems containing l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Fluid Phase Equilib., 218, 123,... 

Saha, S., Hayashi, S., Kobayashi, A., and Hamaguchi, H., Crystal structure of l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. A clue to the elucidation of the ionic liquid structure, Chem. Let., (Japan), 32, 740-741, 2003. 

The reaction of l- -butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC) with sodium tet-rafluoroborate or sodium hexafluorophosphate produced the room temperature-, air-and water-stable molten salts (BMr)(BF4 ) and (BMTXPFg ), respectively in almost quantitative yield. The rhodium complexes RhCKPPhjls and (Rh(cod)2)(BF4 ) are completely soluble in these ionic liquids and they are able to catalyze the hydrogenation of cyclohexene at 10 atm and 25°C in a typical two-phase catalysis with turnovers up to 6000 (see fig. 6.10). 

Electrodeposition of Al from l-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-AlCl3 - Toluene... 

Sneddon s group investigated AB dehydrogenation in the ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) with an AB content of 50% [110]. Because of the low solubility of AB in bmimCl, one can assume that this system was essentially heterogeneous in nature. Similarly to the solid nanocomposites the change in the reaction environment induces several positive effects on the A B decomposition, such as an increase in the reaction kinetics, the absence of an induction period, a strong reduction in the borazine emissions, and with 1.6 equiv of H 2 at 98 °C in contrast to... 

Endres F, Schweizer A (2000) The electrodeposition of copper on Au(lll) and on HOPG from the 66/34 mol% aluminium chloride/l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt an EC-STM study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2 5455-5460... 

Hunt PA, Kirchner B, Welton T (2006) Characterising the electronic structure of ionic liquids an examination of the l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ion pair. Chem Eur J 12 ... 

An important process is the manufacture of regenerated cellulose applied to make fibers (e.g., rayon) and films (e.g., Cellophane). Solvents used classically in cellulose regeneration are a mixture of carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide or ammoniacal copper solutions. More recent solvents include N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and phosphoric acid [4]. The cellulose solution is extruded through nozzles into an acidic precipitation bath and is spun into fibers. Recently, the partly toxic and strongsmelling solvents have been replaced by ionic liquids which are even able to improve the solubility of the slightly soluble cellulose [10]. For example, 1 1 of l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride dissolves lOOg of cellulose at 100°C [11],... 

Hard Lewis acid chloroaluminate ionic liquids show intense catalytic activity in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction however, they suffer from the same issues as anhydrous aluminum chloride. i Of particular interest to these reactions, aluminum chloride may be replaced by indium trichloride to form chloroindate(III) ionic liquids. The advantage of using indium trichloride compared with aluminum chloride is represented by its hydrolytic stability and reduced oxophilicity. Chloroindate(III) ionic liquids are synthesized by mixing l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl with anhydrous indium trichloride at 80°C. In the benzoyla-tion of anisole with benzoic anhydride (BAN) at 80°C, the best yield of... 

Recently, the electrodeposition of calamitic Fe-nanostructures from the ionic melt AlCl3-l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3/[BMIM]Q) on Au(lll) and their characterization by in situ electrochemical STM microscopy have been described [19]. 

Hameed, N.G. Qipeng, T. Feng, H.K. Sergei, G. Blends of cellulose and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) prepared from the ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 86 (1), 94-104. 

Kunchomsup W, Sirivat A (2014) Thermo-electromechanical responses of l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid-cellulose gel. J Polym Res 21 369... 

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