Knowledge, date

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Considerably more is known about the Pb—Ca interaction than about other nutritional interactive pairings (see Table 8.15). Such knowledge dates back to the early part of the twentieth century with the observation that Pb follows calcium. That is, the two substances are closely related physiologically and toxicologically. 

Development of integrally skinned asymmetric membranes from polyphenylene oxide for gas separation to the author s knowledge dates back to 1973 when Kimura of General Electric Company in his patent work disclosed the method of such membrane preparation and use for air separation. He used a solution of PPO in chloroform (volatile and good solvent) and dichlorobenzene (non-volatile and poor solvent). The cast membrane was allowed to desolvate for 30 seconds after which it was precipitated in methanol. The dried membrane was tested for oxygen and nitrogen permeances. Kimura observed O2 permeance of 5.6 GPU with O2/N2 permeance ratio of 4.3. The patent did not mention about the molecular weight of PPO. 

Also of value is the study of the history of technology (24,25) that affords insights into the history of the development of civilization. The eadiest existing written records, treatises of crafts people and artists on the techniques and materials with which they worked, date back to medieval times (26—29). For prehistoric human activities, the record is in the objects which remain, and only through the study of these can knowledge in this regard be furthered. 

Eor many pigments, a period of time in which they had their widest use can be indicated (54,62,63). Dates of introduction are known either from documentary sources or from identification on paintings of known dates. Eor some pigments, an approximate date for the discontinuation of use can be assigned. In some cases, knowledge of the preparation process or even the very existence was lost over an appreciable time span. 

To receive a filing date, an appHcation made on the basis of intent-to-use must include "a claim of bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce," a description of the goods upon or in connection with which the appHcant has the intention to use the mark and the mode and manner in which it is to be used, and a statement that the appHcant is entitled to use the mark and that, to the best of the appHcant s knowledge, no other person or entity has the right to use the mark or a confusingly similar mark. A drawing of the mark must be submitted with the appHcation. 

To date, a great deal of knowledge about the selection of the appropriate CCC component and reaction conditions has been accumulated. Some regiospecific syntheses of isoxazoles having different 3- and 5-substituents are illustrated by the following examples. 

As discussed in Chapter 2, most of the basic resources you will need are fairiy self-evident time of staff will almost certainly be the latgest single cost. Support expenses and travel also require funding. In addition, in the course of yourwork to date you may have identified specific resource requirements, such as computer software for hazard analysis or project management, or consulting services that fill in specific gaps in the knowledge base. 

The student should not reject a book without consideration simply because it was published one or two decades ago. If it was a good book when it was published, it remains a good book. Of course, the reader of any scientific work must be aware of its publication date so as to place it in the context of current knowledge. One of the advantages of earlier books, especially in quantitative or theoretical subjects, is that their authors tend to give more expansive and detailed treatments than do later writers, and beginners in a field may benefit from the fuller description. 

I was indeed fortunate to have grown to chemical maturity under Sir Robert Robinson, and in an environment where heterocyclic chemistry was certainly not neglected. This being so, it is natural that I feel the dissemination and rationalization of knowledge in heterocyclic chemistry to be of vital importance. Recently several good heterocyclic texts have appeared, but a need exists for a medium in which current advances in the subject can rapidly be presented to a wide audience. The present series aims to make available to graduate students and research workers in academic and industrial laboratories up-to-date reviews of a wide variety of heterocyclic topics. 

These investigations have served to establish the correctness of the structure of the 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole ring system. The unsubstituted compound is, however, unknown, and not many derivatives have been described to date. Tables I-IV contain to our knowledge all the 1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles so far described. The number of possible deriva-... 

While every effort is made to ensure that CICADs represent the current status of knowledge, new information is being developed constantly. Unless otherwise stated, CICADs are based on a search of the scientific hterature to the date shown in the executive summary. In the event that a reader becomes aware of new information that would change the conclusions drawn in a CICAD, the reader is requested to contact IPCS to inform it of the new information. 

To onr knowledge, all antiviral gene-therapeutic strategies tested in clinical trials to date target HIV-infection. 

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