Kinematic viscosity biodiesel

Vegetable all methyl esters (biodiesel) Kinematic viscosity Cetane no. Lender heeling value (MJJkg) Cloud point l°C Pour point <"C) Flesh point fC) Denelly (kgfl)... 

Table 14.8 Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) at 40°C of species implied in biodiesel [26].

Knothe, G., Steidley, K.R., Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel components and related compounds, Fuel, 84, 1059-1065, 2005... 

Although there are numerous publications on the effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the stability of oils and fats used as food and feed, until recently relatively little publicly available information was available on the effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of biodiesel. One of the earliest studies reporting of the effects of antioxidants on biodiesel was that of Du Plessis et aL (1985), which examined storage stability of sunflower oil methyl esters (SFME) at various temperatures for 90 d. Effects of air temperature, presence of light, addition of TBHQ (see Figure 1.1) and contact with steel were evaluated by analysis of free fatty acid content, PV, kinematic viscosity, anisidine value, and induction period. Addition of TBHQ delayed oxidation of samples stored at moderate temperatures (<30°C). In contrast, under unfavorable (50°C) conditions, TBHQ was ineffective. 

Knothe, G., and Steidley, K. R. 2005a. Kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel Fuel Components and Related Compounds. Influence of Compound Structure and Comparison to Petrodiesel Fuel Components. Fuel, 84,1059-1065. 

Yuan, W., Hansen, A. C., Zhang, Q., and Tan, Z. 2005b. Temperature-Dependent Kinematic Viscosity of Selected Biodiesel Fuels and Blends with Diesel Fuel. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 82,195-199. 

Fuel density is important for blending characteristics, but also relates to emission levels, fuel consumption, and emission control systems. Similarly, the viscosity of the fuel is important. Kinematic Viscosity is included in the Biodiesel Standard because it relates directly to the injection system performance. In the Biodiesel Standards, viscosity is often set at a specific temperature point. With most fatty acid methyl esters this is never a problem, but viscosity changes at low temperature can be much more problematic. Biodiesel tends to thicken faster than fossil diesel. Specific additives might be required to deal with this. 

DoU KM, Sharma BK, Suaret PA, Erhan SZ. Comparing biofuels obtained from pyrolysis, of soybean oil or soapstock, with traditional soybean biodiesel density, kinematic viscosity, and surface tensions. 

The oils and the biodiesel products of the transesterification procedures are mainly characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. The H-NMR technique provides chemical characteristics of the oils, fats, and products and the conversion degrees of the transesterification procedures. GC allows a more accurate characterization of the molecular species involved in the transesterification procedure. Additionally, the Analysis Biodiesel Protocol for the characterization of the methyl or ethyl biodiesel must include information of the following physicochemical techniques kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point, free and total glycerol, ethanol residue, sulfur content, acid number, oxidative stability, and refractive index. 

Kinematic viscosity of com oil biodiesel is strongly affected by the stmcture of fatty acids. Fatty acid properties such as chain length, position, double bonds (double bond location, number, and nature) have effects on the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel. Biodiesel products obtained from shorter fatty acids and longer alcohol moieties have lower viscosity than those have longer fatty acids and shorter alcohol moieties (Knothe Stidley 2005 Knothe Stidley 2007). Allen et al. (1999) developed an empirical model to predict the... 

Knothe, G. and Steidley, K. R. (2007), Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel components (fatty acid alkyl esters) and related compoimds at low temperatures. Fuel. 86, 2560-2567. 

During long-term storage biodiesel can be easily subject to oxidation under ambient conditions due to the presence of double bonds in the chains of fatty compounds. The reaction of oxidation increases with the increasing of unsaturation level (polyunsaturated compounds are many times more reactive that monounsaturated ones). Some parameters such as acid value, peroxide value or kinematic viscosity increase when autoxidation occurs, thus the fuel s quality is affected. Degradation of the quality of this alternative fuel leads to an increase of deposits on injectors and pump parts and therefore an increase in pressure across filters. 

Duarte and Maugeri (2014) studied lipid production by Candida sp. LEB-M3 cultivated in pure and raw glycerol. The feasibility of biodiesel production by the yeast Candida sp. LEB-M3 was indicated by predicting FAME properties for pure and raw glycerol respectively, including cetane number (56—53), heat of combustion (37—39 kJ/g), oxidative stability (8.58 h), kinematic viscosity (3.82—3.79 mm /s), density (807—872 kg/m ), and iodine index (74—115.5 gE/lOOg). Leiva-Candia et al. (2015) estimated biodiesel properties produced from SCO derived from Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkey, and Cryptococcus curvatus cultivated on biodiesel by-product streams. More specifically, cetane number (62.39—69.74), lower calorific value (37,393.49—37,561.68 kJ/kg), cold-filter plugging point (4.29—9.58°C), flash point (158.73—170.34°C), and kinematic viscosity (4.6—34.87 mm /sat 40°C) were determined. 

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