Kidneys lipids

Table VI. Fatty Acid Composition of Neutral Kidney Lipids ...

Markov, K.M., and Atrokhov, V.V. (1985) Characteristics of Early Disorders of Fatty Acid Composition of Kidney Lipids in Spontaneously (Hereditary) Arterial H3q>ertension, Kardi-ologiya 25,78-81. 

Ceratitis aapitata larvae and the changes in kidney lipids... 

Hofferauen, K., J. Blandszun, C. Brunker, W.W. Kopher, R. Tauber, and H. Steinhart. Distribution of Polyunsaturate Fatty Acids Including Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Total and Subcellular Fractions from Healthy and Cancerous Parts of Human Kidneys, Lipids (9 309-315 (2003). 

It is probable that the stored lipid of ACD occurs normally in small amounts. SvENNERHOLM and SvENNERHOLM (1963) found a trihexoside with a proportion of ceramide glucose galactose of 1 1 2 in plasma and Martens son et al. (1966) found a trihexoside in kidney lipids of normals in addition to dihexoside. 

Figure 2.5. Separation of rat kidney lipids (0.35 mg) by HPLC on a column (5 x 100 mm) of Spherisorb silica gel (3 pm particles) with mass detection the elution conditions are described in the text [166]. (Reproduced by kind permission of the Journal of Chromatography). The legend to Fig. 2.4 contains a list of abbreviations (or see below). In addition CE, cholesterol esters TG, triacylglycerols C, cholesterol DG, diacylglycerols MG, monoacylglycerols FFA, free fatty acids.

Solutions in contact with polyvinyl chloride can become contaminated with trace amounts of lead, titanium, tin, zinc, iron, magnesium or cadmium from additives used in the manufacture and moulding of PVC. V-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine is a contaminant of solvents and biological materials that have been in contact with black rubber or neoprene (in which it is used as an antioxidant). Although it was only an artefact of the separation procedure it has been isolated as an apparent component of vitamin K preparations, extracts of plant lipids, algae, livers, butter, eye tissue and kidney tissue [Brown Chem Br 3 524 1967]. 

The toxic effect depends both on lipid and blood solubility. I his will be illustrated with an example of anesthetic gases. The solubility of dinitrous oxide (N2O) in blood is very small therefore, it very quickly saturates in the blood, and its effect on the central nervous system is quick, but because N,0 is not highly lipid soluble, it does not cause deep anesthesia. Halothane and diethyl ether, in contrast, are very lipid soluble, and their solubility in the blood is also high. Thus, their saturation in the blood takes place slowly. For the same reason, the increase of tissue concentration is a slow process. On the other hand, the depression of the central nervous system may become deep, and may even cause death. During the elimination phase, the same processes occur in reverse order. N2O is rapidly eliminated whereas the elimination of halothane and diethyl ether is slow. In addition, only a small part of halothane and diethyl ether are eliminated via the lungs. They require first biotransformation and then elimination of the metabolites through the kidneys into the... 

In the pharmaceutical industry, GA is used in pharmaceutical preparations and as a carrier of drugs since it is considered a physiologically harmless substance. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted GA antioxidant properties (Trommer Neubert, 2005 Ali Al Moundhri, 2006 Hinson et al., 2004), its role in the metabolism of lipids (Tiss et al., 2001, Evans et al., 1992), its positive results when being used in treatments for several degenerative diseases such as kidney failure (Matsumoto et al., 2006 Bliss et al., 1996 Ali et al., 2008), cardiovascular (Glover et al., 2009) and gastrointestinal (Wapnir et al., 2008 Rehman et al, 2003). 

Figure 5,4 Pharmacokinetics. The absorption distribution and fate of drugs in the body. Routes of administration are shown on the left, excretion in the urine and faeces on the right. Drugs taken orally are absorbed from the stomach and intestine and must first pass through the portal circulation and liver where they may be metabolised. In the plasma much drug is bound to protein and only that which is free can pass through the capillaries and into tissue and organs. To cross the blood brain barrier, however, drugs have to be in an unionised lipid-soluble (lipophilic) form. This is also essential for the absorption of drugs from the intestine and their reabsorption in the kidney tubule. See text for further details...

The purified membrane bound Na,K-ATPase from kidney adsorbs to planar lipid bilayers and transient currents can be elicited upon release of caged ATP [99,100], The... 

Green, C.J., Healing, G., Simpkin, S., FuUer, B.J. and Lunec, J. (1986b). Reduced susceptibUity to lipid peroxidation in cold ischaemic rabbit kidneys after addition of desferrioxamine, mannitol or uric acid to the flush solution. Cryobiology 23, 358-365. 

Parinandi, N.L., Thompson, E.W. and Schmid, H.H.O. (1990). Diabetic heart and kidney exhibit increased resistance to lipid peroxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1047, 63-69. 

Sai, K., Takagi, A., Umemura, T., Hasegawa, R. and Kurokawa, T. (1991). Relation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat kidney to lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and relative organ weight after a single administration of potassium bromate. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82, 165-169. 

Excretion is the process by which a substance leaves the body. The most common ways are via the kidneys and via the gut. Renal excretion is favored by water-soluble compounds that can be filtered (passively by the glomeruli) or secreted (actively by the tubuli) and that are collected into urine. Fecal excretion is followed by more lipid substances that are excreted from the liver into the bile, which is collected in the gut and passed out by the feces. Other routes of excretion are available through the skin and the lungs. 

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