Kidney organic anions

Dresser MJ, Leabman MK, Giacomini KM. Transporters involved in the elimination of drugs in the kidney organic anion transporters and organic cation transporters. J Pharm Sci 2001 90(4) 397-421. 

Dresser, M. J., Leabman, M. K, and Giacomini, K. M. Transporters involved in the elimination of drugs in the kidney Organic anion transporters and organic cation transporters [Review]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 90(4), 397-421. 2001. Berkhin, E. B. and Flumphreys, M. FI. Regulation of renal tubular secretion of organic compounds [Review]. Kidney International 59, 17-30. 2001. 

Transporters Involved in the Elimination of Drugs in the Kidney Organic Anion Transporters and Organic Cation Transporters. 

Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Aoki J, Ito K, Meier PJ and Sugiyama Y. Prediction of in vivo biliary clearance from the in vitro transcellular transport of organic anions across a double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II monolayer expressing both rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 and multidrug resistance associated protein 2. Mol Pharmacol 2004 66 450-9. 

C. C. Paulusma, R. P. Oude Elferink et al. Drug export activity of the human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter in polarized kidney MDCK cells expressing cMOAT (MRP2) cDNA, J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 101, 1310-1319... 

In cell lines, the organic anion transporters (OAT and OATP) have been identified and cloned into cells of kidney origin such as LLC-PK1, MDCK, HK-2, and Caco-2 [129]. The most well-known uptake transporters, which transport the substrate over the membrane into the organism are the amino acid- [35, 42, 139] and oligopeptide-carriers (PepTl and PepT2) [139-142]. These two transporter families are abundantly expressed in the small intestine of most animals, and can therefore be involved in the absorption process of pharmaceutical drugs. The PepTl is expressed in the cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 [140-142]. 

Sweet, D. H., N. A. Wolfe, and J. B. Pritchard. Expression cloning and characterization of ROAT1. The basolateral organic anion transporter in rat kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 30088-30095. 

Isern, J., et al. Functional analysis and androgen-regulated expression of mouse organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatpl) in the kidney. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2001, 1518, 73-78. 

In addition to OATP/Oatp family proteins, some of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family proteins may be responsible for hepatic uptake. Although many OAT family proteins are expressed in the kidney [36], human and rat OAT2 is also expressed in the liver [37, 38]. Human OAT2 transports p-amino-... 

P. D., Erion, M. D., Isolation of a family of organic anion transporters from human liver and kidney,... 

Sweet, D. H., Miller, D. S., Pritchard, J. B., Fujiwara, Y., Beier, D. R., Nigam, S. K., Impaired organic anion transport in kidney and choroid plexus of organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3 (Slc22a8)) knockout mice, J. 

J. I., Kanai, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Goya, T., Endou, H., Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney, Mol. Pharmacol. 2001, 59, 1277-1286. 

Lee, J., Hollyer, R., Rodelas, R., Preuss, H. G., The influence of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and creatinine on renal organic anion and cation transport in rat kidney tissue, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1981, 58, 184-193. 

Hosoyamada M, Sekine T, Kanai Y, Endou H. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a multispecific organic anion transporter from human kidney. Am... 

Pritchard JB, Miller DS. (1996) Renal secretion of organic anions and cations. Kidney Int 49 1649-1654. 

Rabbits form bicarbonate in the gut and absorb it. They do not have to form new bicarbonate in the kidneys and need not excrete ammonium ions in the urine, but they still need to excrete organic anions. These organic anions are accompanied in the urine by sodium or potassium ions, which can generate a severe negative sodium balance for the period that the rabbits are on a browse diet(Iason and Palo, 1991). Therefore, lagomorphs excrete biotransformational... 

Grantham JJ and Chonko AM. Renal handling of organic anions and cations Excretion of uric acid. In Brenner BM and Rector FC (eds.).7 The Kidney (4th ed). Philadelphia Saunders, 1991. 

The kidneys are susceptible to toxicity from xenobiotics (Fig. 7.1) because they too have a high blood flow. Cells of the tubular nephron face double-sided exposure, to agents in the blood on the basolateral side and in the Altered urine on the luminal side. Proximal tubule cells are generally the site of nephrotoxicity, since these cells have an abundance of cytochrome P450 and can transport organic anions and cations from the blood into the cells, thereby concentrating these chemicals manyfold. 

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