Kerosene, petroleum refining process

Part of the petroleum refinement process involves adjusting the percentage of each hydrocarbon fraction to match commercial demand. For example, the demand for gasoline is higher than that for kerosene. As a result, chemical reactions convert the larger kerosene-fraction molecules into molecules... 

Edeleanu Process. The first commercially successful application of extraction of petroleum-refining processes was established by Edeleanu (38, 39), who extracted aromatic hydrocarbons from kerosenes with liquid sulfur dioxide to improve their burning qualities. The solvent is extremely selective for this purpose and acts without chemical reaction. 

Petroleum refining, processing, and distribution are considered downstream activities and generally fall within the subject scope of the chemical engineer. Crude oil, transported from the ground to the refinery, is used to produce many products, including petrolenm gas, gasoline, kerosene, heavy oil (fuel oil), coke, asphalt, tar, and other byproducts. 

Raw petroleum (crude oil) is extracted from underground around the globe in a variety of ways and refined for tens of thousands of applications in our everyday lives. Crude oil is refined into usable petroleum products through several unique processes. Fractional distillation is the process used to efficiently extract or "distill" products that are a mixture of chemicals such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene or may selectively extract pure chemical compounds or petrochemicals such as... 

Solvent extraction is used extensively in the petroleum industry to refine lubricating oils, kerosene, and specialty oils for medicinal and agricultural purposes. It is a process that separates hydrocarbons into two phases—a raffinate which contains substances of high hydrogen to carbon ratio and an extract which contains substances of low hydrogen to carbon ratio. 

EPA) to aid in registering chemicals under the federal Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976. CAS numbers are assigned to generic refinery process streams, such as kerosene and lube base stocks, that contain no additives. Petroleum products containing additives are termed "mixtures" by the TSCA and, as such, do not have CAS numbers. All chemical substances used in such mixtures are assigned CAS numbers and must be listed with the EPA by the refiner or the additive supplier. 

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