Keratin substituted

Abrahams NA, Ormsby AH, Brainard J. Validation of cytokeratin 5/6 as an effective substitute for keratin 903 in the differentiation of benign from malignant glands in prostate needle biopsies. Histopathology. 2002 41 35. 

Pauling s audacious scientific career included the use of first principles and molecular models to intuit the structure of the protein a-keratin. He also was the first to characterize the basis for a disease at the molecular level—sickle-cell anemia—the result of a substitution of one amino acid for another in hemoglobin. 

Maleimides are another example of activated olefins that react in this manner for example, A-ethyl maleimide (NEMI) [91, 93] reacts quantitatively with the mercaptan groups in reduced keratin fibers by a nucleophilic addition type of reaction. Hall and Wolfram [88] have used this reaction to introduce A-substituted maleimide groups (A-ethyl, A-hexyl, and A-heptyl maleimides) into human hair to study the properties of hair modified by the introduction of nonpolar residues. They report enhanced settability and high set retention, at all humidities, for hair modified in this manner with greater than 50% disulfide cleavage. However, hair having less than 50% disulfide scission does not show improved set characteristics. 

Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene copolymer jojoba oil substitute Oleyl erucate juice enhancer Aloe barbadensis gel kaolin bleaching, mining Sodium hydrosulfite keratin formation promoter Cobalt acetylmethionate Copper acetylmethionate Gold acetylmethionate Magnesium acetylmethionate Manganese acetylmethionate Nickel acetylmethionate keratin formation promoter, cosmetics Zinc acetylmethionate keratin softener, dry skin care Diazolidinyl urea Imidazolidinyl urea Urea keratin softener, pharmaceuticals Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil keratin softener, skin care Lactic acid keratolytic agent Resorcinol... 

Over the years, many chemicals have been used as fabric protectants or mothproofers to protect woolens and other keratinous materials against damage by clothes moths or carpet beetles. The substituted phenols, fluoride compounds, sulfonate compounds, and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides are some of the chemicals which have been used to protect woolens against insect damage. 

Bhardwaj, N., Sow, W.T., Devi, D., Ng, K.W., Mandal, B.B., Cho, N.J., 2015. Silk fibroin-keratin based 3D scaffolds as a dermal substitute for skin tissue engineering. Integr. Biol. (Camb) 7, 53-63. 

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