Keratin fibers, composition

C. K. Hong and R. P. Wool, Development of a bio-based composite material from soybean oil and keratin fibers , J Appl Polym Sci, 2005,95,1524-38. 

The composition of protein and lipid in chemically modified keratin fibers was analyzed on silica with chloroform-methanol (80 2, v/v). A rapid immimochromatographic method for the analysis of protein antigens, based tm a sandwich assay format, uses monoclonal antibodies of two distinct specificities, one covalently immobilized to a defined detection zone on a porous membrane, while the other serves as a label. The sample is mixed, and is then passed along the porous membrane by capUlary action, giving a blue color with the antibodies in the detection zone. The detection limit can be below the nanomolar range for the antigen, as in the case of the human chorionic gonadotropin. 

Plos, G. Hair dye composition containing an oxidase alcohol and a quinonoid direct dye for dyeing keratin fibers. Er. Demande FR 2865397, 2005 Chem. Abstr. 2005,143, 179095. 

Fiber-reinforced structural composites are widely found in namre and include such diverse materials as bamboo, flax, and hemp (which contain long cellulose-based fibers) and hooves, fingernails, and rhinocerous bom, which contain long fibers of the protein keratin. Filled composites also occur in nature, the most obvious examples being the composite rock type known as breccias and fossil-containing shale and limestone. Sintered limestone is used to produce Pordand cement for the production of the filled composite known as concrete. 

George, B.R., Evazynajad, A., Bockarie, A., McBride, H., Bunik, T. and Scutti, A., Keratin fiber nonwovens for erosion control, in Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites, Wallenberger, RT. and Weston, N.E. (eds), Klnwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2004. 

Martinez-Hemandez AL, Velasco-Santos C (2012) Keratin fibers from chicken feathers structure and advances in polymer composites. Nova Publishers, New York, pp 149-211 Martinez-Hemandez AL, Velasco-Santos C, de-Icaza M, Castano VM (2007) D5mamical-mechanical and thermal analysis of polymeric composites reinforced with keratin biofibers from chicken feathers. Compos Part B Eng 38 405 10 Mathew AP, Dufresne A (2002) Morphological investigation of nanocomposites from sorbitol plasticized starch and tunicin whiskers. Biomacromolecules 3 609-617 Md. Islama S, Hamdana S, Talibb ZA, Ahmeda AS, Md. Rahmana R (2012) Tropical wood polymer nanocomposite (WPNC) The impact of nanoclay on dynamic mechanical thermal properties. Compos Sci Technol 72 1995-2001... 

Development of Bio-Composites Based of Polymer Matrix and Keratin Fibers Contribution to Poultry Biomass Recycling... 

Silk is a natural protein fiber excreted by the moth larva Boinhvx mori. better known as the common silkworm. Silk is a fine continuous monofilament fiber of high luster and strength and is highly valued as a prestige fiber. Because of its high cost, it finds very limited use in textiles. A minor amount of wild tussah silk is produced for specialty items. Attempts have been made to commercialize silk from spiders over the years, but all ventures have met with failure. Domestic and wild silks are essentially uncrosslinked and relatively simple in amino acid composition compared to the keratin fibers. The properties for silk listed here are for silk formed by Bombvx mori moth larvae. 

Javet, M. Mueller, C. Weber, I. Bleaching keratin fibers with compositions containing an agent having a basic pH and sulfamate bleach booster. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 1759684, 2007 Chem. Abstr. 2007, 146, 301740. 

Pastore, F. Gourlaouen, L. Lagrange, A. Hair dye brightener composition for human keratinic fibers. Fr. Demande FR 2830189, 2003 Chem. Abstr. 2003, 138, 292373. 

Brun, G. Composition for dyeing keratin fibers, comprising an electrophilic monomer, a hydro-phobic direct dye and a liquid organic solvent. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2007118812,2007 Chem. Abstr. 2007, 747,491195. 

Barone, J. (2009). Lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced keratin polymer composites./. Polym. Environ., 17,143-151. 

In addition, natural fibers to reinforce composites also can have a non-plant source. For instance, keratin fibers obtained from wool or feathers. These are composed mainly by a fibrillar protein called keratin, which recently has been successfully used as reinforcement in synthetic pol5mieric matrix. Martinez-Hemandez and Velasco-Santos (2011) recently published a review with the most important results in feather keratin-reinforced composites. However, including this fiber in natural matrix is a new opportunity area, since there have been very few efforts in this regard. 

A wide variety of materials have been examined with starch. Nevertheless, the combination with chitosan and the use of natural fibers as reinforcement helps to improve compatibility, in addition to achieving the production of new composites. For example, kraft fiber improved quality and properties of cassava starch-based foam for applicable of fresh cut fruits that were comparable to polystyrene foam. Keratin fiber reinforcements, had good compatibility with... 

Martinez-Hernandez AL, Velasco-Santos C [2011). Keratin fibers from chicken feathers Structure and advances in potymer composites, in Keratin Structure, Properties and Applications. Chapter 7 [Dullart R, Mousques )., eds.). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Hauppauge, NY, USA, pp. 149-211. 

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