Katz effect

Evans, M. V.Y. Njike M. Hoxley M. Pearson D.L. Katz. Effect of soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007, 14, 141-149. 

H. Wiedersich, J. J. Burton, and J. L. Katz, Effect of mobile helium on void nucleation in materials during irradiation, J. Nucl. Mater. 51, 287-301 (1974). 

THE "KATZ EFFECT ON THE RANDOM COH. MODEL FOR POLYMER CHAINS... 

The x-ray patterns of natural rubber in the relaxed and extended states led J.R. Katz and others to develop a random coil model for polymer chains. The "Katz Effect" which was repeated by H. Mark helped to establish a relationship between mechanical deformation and concomitant molecular events in all macromolecules. 

The "Katz effect" was particularly important because it was the first experiment to establish the relationship between mechanical deformation and concomitant molecular events in polymers (5). This led Mark and Valko (11) to carry out stress-strain studies over a wide temperature range together with x-ray studies in order to analyze the phenomenon of rubber reinforcement. This paper contained the first clear statement that the contraction of rubber was not caused by a decrease in energy but by the decrease in entropy on elongation. 

According to H. Mark (A5), the story of the development of the random coil began with the X-ray work of Katz on natural rubber in 1925 (A6-A9). Kalz studied the X-ray patterns of rubber both in the relaxed state and the extended or stretched state. In the stretched state, Katz found a characteristic fiber diagram, with many strong and clear diffraction spots, indicating a crystalline material. This contrasted with the diffuse halo found in the relaxed state, indicating that the chains were amorphous under that condition. The fiber periodicity of the elementary cell was found to be about 9 A, which could only accoimnodate a few isoprene units. Since the question of how a long chain could fit into a small elementary cell is fundamental to the macromolecular hypothesis, Hauser and Mark repeated the Katz effect experiment and, on... 

R. P. Kusy and M. J. Katz, Effect of molecular weight on the fracture surface energy of poly(meth-ylmethacrylate) in cleavage, 7. Mater. Sci. 11, 1475-1486 (1976). 

A. Katz, Effect of Fiber Modulus of Elasticity on the Long Term Properties of Micro-Eibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites , Cem. Conor. Co/77/705,18,1996,389-400. 

Heat transfer from immersed bodies is discussed in detail by Eckert and Drake, Jakob, and Knudsen and Katz (see Tutreduction General References ), where equations for local coefficients and the effects of uuheated starting length are presented. Equation (5-44) may also be expressed as... 

The drag coefficients for disks (flat side perpendicular to the direction of motion) and for cylinders (infinite length with axis perpendicular to the direclion of motion) are given in Fig. 6-57 as a Function of Reynolds number. The effect of length-to-diameter ratio for cylinders in the Newton s law region is reported by Knudsen and Katz Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958). 

It is seen that a very significant temperature increase occurs particularly at high pressures. It would appear that, due to the poor radial thermal transfer in the column, the thermostat had little effect on the temperature change. Katz et al. [15] concluded that increases in column temperature resulting from high inlet pressures could seriously affect the accuracy of retention measurements. The heat evolved on changing the flow rate from 4 to 18 ml/min., accompanied by a corresponding... 

Katz et al. [1] also examined the effect of particle diameter on resistance to mass transfer constant (C). They employed columns packed with 3.2 im, 4.4 p,m, 7.8 pm, and 17.5 pm, and obtained HETP curves for the solute benzyl acetate in 4.3%w/w of ethyl acetate in n-heptane on each column. The data were curve fitted to the Van Deemter equation and the values for the A, B and C terms for all four columns extracted. A graph relating the value of the (C) term with the square of the particle diameter is shown in Figure 8. 

Demling, R.H., Katz, A., Lalonde, C., Ryan, P. and Jin, L-J. (1987). The immediate effect of burn wound excision on pulmonary function in sheep. The role of prostanoids, oxygen radicals and chemoattractants. Surgery 101, 44-55. 

In agreement with experiment [Shah and Lemhch, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 350 (1970) and Garmendia, Perez, and Katz,/. Chem. Educ., 50, 864 (1973)], theory shows that the degree of separation that is obtained increases as tlie liquid column is made taller. But unfortunately it decreases as the column is made wider. In simple terms, the latter effect can be attributed to the increase in the dispersion coefficient as the column is widened. 

Ricaurte, G.A. Molliver, M.E. Witkin. J.M. Molliver, D.C. Wilson, M.A. and Katz, J.L. d-Fenfluramine produces long-term effects on central serotonin neurons in nonhuman primates. Abstr Soc Neurosci 15, in press. 

Fig. 7.10 (Continued) (b) VN-x inhibits response to female urine by male guinea-pig X-2 sequential trials (duration, sec. x s.e.) (from Beauchamp et al., 1982). (c) Inter-strain (domestic vs. wild) discrimination by male domestic guinea pig of female urines [sequential testing sec/4 min, s.e., Ss above each bar intact/sham-VN-x. above]. WF= wild female, F = domestic female (from Beauchamp et al., 1982). (d) Effects of VN-x on maternal chemoinvestigation ewe responses to lambs, including tongue-manipulation of palate [c.f. Fig. 7.6(d)], procaine = MOE inhibition, a sign, versus control (from Booth and Katz, 2000).

Katz, J.L. Spealman, R.D. and Clark, R.D. Stereoselective behavioral effects of N-al lylnormetazocine in pigeons and squirrel monkeys. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 232 452-461, 1985. 

Falk, B., Burstein, R., Ashkenazi, I., Spillberg, O., Alter, J., Zylber-Katz, E., Rubinstein, A., Bashan, N., and Shapiro, Y., The effect of caffeine on physical performance after prolonged exercise, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 59, 168, 1989. 

Flanagan, S., and A. R. Edwards, 1978, Some Nonequilibrium Effects in De-Pressurization Experiments of Water-Filled Systems, in Transient Two-Phase Flow, Proc. 2nd CSNI Specialists Meeting, Vol. 2, 487-516, M. Reocreux and G. Katz Eds., Commissariat a I Energie Atomnizue, Fontenay aux Roses, France. (3)... 

Tonner LE, Katz DI, Heiman AS. 1997. The acute effect of lead acetate on glucocorticoid receptor binding in C6 glioma cells. Toxicology 116 109-122. 

Parsiegla K, Katz J (1999) Calcite growth inhibition by copper (II) Effect of supersaturation. J Cryst Growth 200(l-2) 213-226... 

Katz, R. and W. Hofmann, Biological Effects of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiations Particle Tracks in Radiobiology, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 203 433-442 (1982). 

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