Kanamycin dosing

Example. Calculate Cp at quarter-hourly intervals for the first 24 hours of the kanamycin dosing regimen described in the first example in this subsection. The entry data are as follows ... 

Because they are hepatically cleared, isoniazid and rifampin do not require dose modification in renal failure.31,36,39 Pyrazinamide and ethambutol typically are reduced to three times weekly to avoid accumulation of the parent drug (ethambutol) or metabolites (pyrazinamide).28,31 Renally cleared TB drugs include the aminoglycosides (e.g., amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin), capreomycin, ethambutol, cycloserine, and lev-ofloxacin.28,31,33,39 Dosing intervals need to be extended for... 

Amikacin/ kanamycin Adults See footnote8 Children 15-30 mg/kg per day intravenous or intramuscular as a single daily dose Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity Baseline audiogram, vestibular testing, Romber testing and SCr Monthly assessments of renal function and auditory or vestibular symptoms... 

Kanamycin Yes 12-15 mj kg per dose two to three times per week (not daily)... 

The use of marker genes that encode resistance lo clinically important antibiotics raises questions regarding whether the enzyme in the foot could inactivate oral doses of the antibiotic or whether die gene present in the plant DNA could be transferred lo pathogenic microbes in the GI tract or in soil rendering them resistant to treatment with the antibiotic, FDA evaluated these questions for the use of kanamycin resistance in tomato, cotton, canola,... 

Dose. The equivalent of up to 1.5 g of kanamycin daily, by intramuscular injection. 

In a retrospective study in 81 men and 29 women, hearing loss of 15 decibels at two or more frequencies, or at least 20 decibels at at least one frequency, was found in 18% of patients treated with aminoglycosides (amikacin, kanamycin, and/or streptomycin) (24). In those treated with kanamycin the rate was 16%. Age, sex, treatment duration, total aminoglycoside dose, and first serum creatinine concentration were not associated with hearing loss. 

In a retrospective study, the rate of nephrotoxicity at the end of treatment with aminoglycosides was 7.5% (kanamycin 4.5%) (24). Patients who developed nephrotoxicity had a longer duration of treatment and received larger total doses. 

Kanamycin causes mainly cochlear damage (2). After prolonged administration (for example 1 g for periods of 30-180 days) the frequency of this adverse reaction is higher than 40%. Vestibular toxicity occurs in less than 10% of cases treated with usual doses and is generally reversible soon after withdrawal. 

Kanamycin causes very little nephrotoxicity after short courses of treatment with daily doses of less than 15 mg/kg if total doses of 30 g or more are given, the incidence of renal damage can be 50% or higher (1). 

RenaUy cleared TB drugs include the aminoglycosides (amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin), capreomycin, ethambutol, cycloserine, and levofloxacin. " " Dosing intervals need to... 

Inoculation doses of. abortus 2308, RB51,. melitensis 16M, and. abortus 2308-QAE, RB51-QAE were made as previously described [12], Viability counts on SBA plates, SBA plates with ampicillin (100 pg/mL), and SBA plates with kanamycin (45 pg/mL) using serial dilutions were done to validate the concentration of the inoculation doses the day of use. 

Kanamycin sulfate (Kantrex) is available for injection and oral use. The parenteral dose for adults is 15 mg/kg per day (two to four equally divided and spaced doses), with a maximum of 1.5 g/day. Children may be given up to 15 mg/kg per day. 

Kanamycin can be administered orally as adjunctive therapy in cases of hepatic encephalopathy. The dose is 4 to 6 g/day for 36 to 72 hours quantities as large as 12 g/day (in divided doses) have been given. It is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Like neomycin, its oral administration can cause malabsorption and superinfection. 

The advantages of the piPlug method are the rapid identification of the chemotactic response to a molecule and the ability to compare the responses of two different bacteria using differential labeling (i.e., one strain expresses GFP while the other expresses RFP). In Fig. 4a and b, the RFP-labeled cells were killed by exposure to a lethal dose of kanamycin to provide a nonrespon-sive control to monitor bulk flow, which was negligible. However, this method does not lend itself to quantitative assessment of migration. To obtain a more quantitative characterization of chemotaxis, the flow-based microfluidic device described in the following section was developed. 

Four patients with renal impairment became permanently deaf after they were given intramuscular kanamycin 1 to 1.5 g and intravenous etacrynic acid 50 to 150 mg. One patient also received streptomycin, and another also received oral neomycin. Deafness took between 30 minutes and almost 2 weeks to develop. In some cases deafness developed despite the doses being given on separate days, and in all cases it appeared irreversible. A patient receiving gentamicin rapidly developed deafness when furosemide was replaced by intravenous etacrynic aciff ... 

---