Justice, philosophy

Husami, Z. Marx on distributive justice. Philosophy and PublkAffairsZii ), 27-64. 

Plumwood, V. (1993) Feminism and the Mastery of Nature, Roudedge, London Postema, G. J. (1987) Collective evils, harms and the law , Ethics, vol 97, pp4l4—440 Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA Rawls, J. (1985) Justice as fairness Political not metaphysical , Philosophy and Public Affairsy vol 14, no 3, pp223-251... 

One of the main critiques of libertarianism is that it is a heartless and cruel philosophy, one that provides no social safety net to care for the least advantaged members of society, such as the poor, uneducated, diseased, or disabled. I accept this critique and will not rehearse it in detail here (Rawls 1971). A theory of justice should address the interests of the least advantaged members of society. A just state should do more than protect the rights and interests of its most powerful members it should protect its least powerful members. A theory of international justice should also address the interests of the least advantaged nations, and a just system of international agreements should provide economic, diplomatic, or military aid to nations in dire need. 

Thomas Pogge studied philosophy at Harvard. He has published widely on Kant and in moral and political philosophy, including various books on Rawls and global justice. He is Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, Professorial Fellow at the Australian National University Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, and Professor II of Philosophy at the University of Oslo. He is editor for social and political philosophy for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and member of the Norwegian Academy of Science. 

Finally, what is a third important ingredient in the forensic science training format I see it as a need to guide the student in understanding the role of science in the total scheme of the administration of justice. For years we have heard many eminent forensic scientists make strong appeals for the scientist to remain aloof from the crime scene, from the investigator, from the legal counsel, from the accused, and from the philosophy of the law itself. The scientist is told that his objective interpretation of the evidence will be a sufficient end in itself. 

As the 1980s evolved, environmental justice groups developed in many different racial and ethnic communities African-Americans, Hispanics, Asian-Pacific groups, and the indigenous people of North America. By 1991, the EJ movement had a clear national identify and philosophy, expressed in the Principles of Environmental Justice adopted at the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in Washington, DC, which was attended by more than a thousand community activists. 

R. Elliot, Future Generations, Locke s Proviso and Libertarian Justice, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 3, 217-227 (1986). Available at http //www.conlaw.org/intergenerational-intro.html. 

The Americans. .. enjoy explaining almost every act of their lives on the principle of self-interest properly understood. It gives them pleasure to point out how an enlightened self-love continually leads them to help one another and disposes them freely to give part of their time and wealth for the good of the state. I think that in this way they often do themselves less than justice, for sometimes in the United States, as elsewhere, one sees people carried away by the disinterested, spontaneous impulses natural to man. But the Americans are hardly prepared to admit that they give tvay to emotions of this sort. They prefer to give the credit to their philosophy rather than to themselves. (DA, p. 526 my italics). 

The essays collected in this volume address a variety of topics that are central to any articulation of a comprehensive philosophy of chemistry. In what follows we briefly discuss each of the key issues and link them to the specific contributions of our authors. In a short piece such as this introduction, we cannot do justice to the subtleties of each author s position, but we think our categorization and commentary offer useful connections between essays. Our goal is to alert the reader to themes and issues that we believe resonate in interesting and surprising ways between authors, rather than draw any substantive conclusions of our own. Still, we hope that some of our observations, interpretations, and attempts at categorization are contentious and spur further discussion. 

See T. S. Szasz, Toward the therapeutic state, New Republic, December 11, 1965, pp. 26-29 Justice in the therapeutic state [1970], in The Theology of Medicine, pp. 118-133 Therapeutic tyranny, Omni, March 1980, p. 43 Building the therapeutic state, Contemporary Psychology, 27 297 (April), 1982 The Therapeutic State (1984) The therapeutic state is a modern Leviathan, Wall Street Journal Europe, January 11, 1994, p. 9 Diagnosis in the therapeutic state, Liberty, 7 25-28 (September), 1994 Idleness and lawlessness in the therapeutic state, Society, 32 30-35 (May/June), 1995 Routine neonatal circumcision Symbol of the birth of the therapeutic state, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 21 137—148, 1996. 

Let the world perish, but let philosophy exist, let the philosopher exist, let me exist , modelled on the common Latin saying Fiat justicia, pereat mundus ( Let the world perish, but let justice be done ). 

Cech, E. A. (2013). The (Mis)framing of social justice Why ideologies of depoliticization and meritocracy hinder engineers ability to think about social injustices. In J. Lucena (Ed.), Engineering education for social justice Critical explorations and opportunities, philosophy of engineering. Dordrecht Springer. 

Virtue ethics places less emphasis on learning rules, and instead stresses the importance of developing good habits of character. Historically, virtue theory is one of the oldest normative traditions in Western philosophy, having its roots in ancient Greek civilization. Plato emphasized four virtues in particular, which were later called cardinal virtues, wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. 

Criminal justice law enforcement law psychology philosophy sociology anthropology political science social work forensic science psychiatry. 

The notion of identity-based reduction this book focuses on thus fits monistic realism The concept of reduction is supposed to reconcile diversity and directionality (mirrored by the idea of levels) with strong unity (mirrored by the idea of monism), without relying on (metaphysical) elimination (that is the idea of realism). But isn t this target, or this description of the target obviously ill conceived Apparently, it does not do justice to the fact that in the philosophy of science, reduction is commonly regarded as a relation holding primarily between theories. 

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