Justice global

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The Justice Department, Federal Trade Commission, and USDA should be directed to ensure that agriculture has a multitude of competitive markets. I concur with those who argue that rather than promoting a global supermarket run by multinational cor-... 

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI). Counterfeiting. A global spread. A global threat. Turin (Italy) UNICRI 2006. 

Alroe, H.F. and Kristensen, E.S. (2004). Investigating organic agriculture in a global perspective. In Third Global Conference on Environmental Justice and Global Citizenship, Copenhagen, February 2004. 

The demands of global justice are further explored by David Resnik. Resnik believes that international justice depends not on individuals, but primarily on nations because they stand to have the greatest impact. In view of international justice goals, global health inequalities need to be considered. Resnik looks at the implications of the main theories of justice and what our international obligations of justice are. He begins with Rawlsian egalitarianism and then considers the Implications of utilitarianism in relation to questions about international justice. 

The differences in health between the developing and developed nations are an important problem for theories of international justice. Are these differences just or unjust If they are unjust, how should they be addressed What moral obligations do developed nations have toward developing nations Do developing nations have an obligation to take steps to reduce global health inequalities This chapter will examine these and other questions related to global justice and access to medications. 

According to the skeptic, global health inequalities do not raise any concerns from the perspective of international justice, because there is no such thing. 

Since international justice is possible, nations should be concerned about global health inequalities and how best to respond to them. The decision on how to respond to health inequalities depends on the approach adopted to international justice. There are three basic approaches, which mirror approaches to national justice libertarianism. 

To summarize, two different approaches to international justice, Rawls egalitarian theory and utilitarianism, would both recommend that the world s nations take steps to reduce global health inequalities, but for different reasons. A Rawlsian would hold that the world s nations should provide aid to the least advantaged nations so that these nations can have an opportunity to develop and participate in the community of nations. A utilitarian would hold that world s nations should help to reduce the disease burden of the least advantaged nations to prevent these countries from causing harm to other countries, and to help these countries participate in economic activities that can benefit other countries. 

Since international justice requires developed nations to help reduce global health inequalities, and one of the best ways of reducing health inequalities is to promote access to medications for developing nations, it follows that international justice requires developed nations to help developing nations attain access to medications, especially those used to treat or prevent infectious diseases. There are two different access issues that need to be addressed availability and cost. 

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