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Jeans effect

Seebeck s outstanding scientific achievement was the discovei"y of one of the three classical thermoelectric effects, which are the Seebeck, the Peltier, and the Thomson effects. Seebeck s discovery was the first, dating from 1822—1823, followed by that of Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier in 1832 and that of William Thomson in 1854. Seebeck obseiwed that an electric current in a closed circuit comprised different metallic components if he heated the junctions of the components to different temperatures. He noted that the effect increases linearly with the applied temperature difference and that it crucially depends on the choice of materials. Seebeck tested most of the available metallic materials for thermoelectricity. His studies were further systematized by the French physicist... [Pg.1038]

Particular thanks go to those who read over the chapter in draft form Verena Brink, Jean Colley, Darwin H. Stapleton, and Christian Simon. For DDT s effects on public health, I am indebted to Richard Fenske, MD. [Pg.229]

Nemst, for example, argued that physics forms the theoretical basis of all sciences, including chemistry. 18 A statement by Emile Dubois-Reymond to the effect that there was a need for a physical chemistry to create a "mathematical mechanics of knowledge" and a "complete picture of molecular processes" 19 was used to preface the first issue of the Zeitschrift fur physikalische Chemie. For van t Hoff, this was to be achieved through "the application of physical expedients, methods, and instruments to chemical problems" in establishing "comprehensive principles."20 Less concretely, Jean Perrin wrote that "really, there is no particular method proper to chemical physics [but] rather a physicochemical esprit."21 Perrin s successors at the Universite de Paris understood this remark to mean that physical chemistry at the turn of the century was "whatever interested Jean Perrin, just as physical chemistry at Berkeley was whatever interested Gilbert N. Lewis. "22... [Pg.127]

Moreover, phase 1 clinical trials started on May 21, 1981 at the Institut Jean-Godinot in Reims, France, with Dr. P. Coninx as supervisor. These trials will allow us to make a more precise determination of the LD value for humans, i.e., the highest non-lethal dose which can be inoculated within mono and polyinjections protocols or schedules without any redhibitory side-effects for the patients. [Pg.70]

In 1814 Jean-Jacques Colin and Henri-Frangois Gaultier de Claubry, professor of toxicology at the School of Pharmacy in Paris, described the blue substance produced when free iodine acts on starch, and studied the effects of temperature and of sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfide, and other reagents on this reaction (131). In the same year Friedrich Stromeyer first applied this starch reaction to analytical chemistry and was able to detect as little as one part of iodine in 350,000 to 450,000 parts... [Pg.744]

Novo Nordisk has also introduced another application of the laccase formulation, namely for stonewashing in combination with cellulase. It enhances the abrasion effect. In this case, a lower dose of the enzyme/mediator slurry is sufficient. Low doses have a mild bleaching effect though the end-result doesn t look like bleaching. Instead the denim looks as if it has been subject to more abrasion. Cellulases can give a stonewashed look to jeans but they have certain limitations when used on their own. If denim finishers want a highly abraded effect, they usually prefer a combination of cellulases and stones to obtain the desired level of abrasion. With the laccase slurry stones are no longer needed. [Pg.91]

Jean Crosnier et al, "Anomalous Thermoelectric Effect in the Shock Regime and Application to a Shock Pressure Transducer , 4thONRSympDeton(1965), 627-38. When a shock wave crosses the junction surface of two metals of different natures (arranged like in a thermocouple) there appears between the uncompressed extremities of the... [Pg.341]

Volkow, Nora D., Gene-jack Wang, Marian W. Fischman, Richard W. Foltin, joanna S. Fowler, Naji N. Abumrad, Stephen Vitkun, Jean Logan, S. John Gatley, Naome Pappas, Robert Hitzemann, and Callen E. Shea. 1997. "Relationship Between Subjective Effects of Cocaine and Dopamine Transporter Occupancy." Nature 386 827-30. [Pg.117]

The notion that addicts choose present rewards over future gains or penalties echoes throughout the chapters in Addiction. The effect of cultural values and beliefs on addicts, and on those who treat them, is also explored, particularly in chapters by Jon Elster on alcoholism and by Caroline Jean Acker on American heroin addicts in the 1920s and 1930s. [Pg.316]

Soon after Cerro Rico, the silver mountain discovered by the Spaniards in 1545 at what is now Potosi, Bolivia (20), began to produce massive amounts of the white metal and as the Spanish ships arrived to deposit the treasure in the Casa de la Contratacion in Seville, Azpilceuta and other Dominicans of the School of Salamanca warned of the potential inflationary effect of this silver on the Spanish economy (21). Jean Bodin, who might well be called the first important exponent of the quantity theory of money, held, further, that all Europe was affected adversely by the treasure of the Indies, which, he maintained, was the cause of la vie chere (22). More recently, Earl J. Hamilton, in a monumental study correlating the arrival of the silver and the rise of prices in Andalusia and other Spanish provinces, concluded by assigning to the Spanish-American silver a massive role in the price revolution of the sixteenth century (53). [Pg.146]

A more general approach is required to interpret the current experiments, Jean and co-workers have developed multilevel Redfield theory into a versatile tool for describing ultrafast spectroscopic experiments [22-25], In this approach, terms neglected at the Bloch level play an important role for example, coherence transfer terms that transform a coherence between levels i and j into a coherence between levels j and k ( /t - = 2) or between levels k and l ( f - j - 2, k-j = 2) and couplings between populations and coherences. Coherence transfer processes can often compete effectively with vibrational relaxation and dephasing processes, as shown in Fig. 4 for a single harmonic well, initially prepared in a superposition of levels 6 and 7. The lower panel shows the population of levels 6 and 7 as a function of time, whereas the upper panels display off-diagonal density matrix ele-... [Pg.148]

Such effects are very clearly demonstrated in the calculation of Jean [25] on a model for barrierless isomerization, intended to capture some of the essential features of isomerization in rhodopsins [17], A 25-fs pulse populates the initial state and Fig. 6 shows the decay of population of that... [Pg.151]

Equation (33) assumes that IV// is large compared to 2J (i.e., no electronic and vibrational recurrences). In addition, Eq. (33) deals only with population dynamics Interferences between different Franck-Condon factors are neglected. These interferences do influence the rate, and the interplay between electronic and vibrational dynamics can be quite complex [25], Finally, as discussed by Jean et al. [22], Eq. (33) does not separate the influence of pure dephasing (T-T) and population relaxation (Ti). These two processes (defined as the site representation [22]) can have significantly different effects on the overall rate. For example, when (T () becomes small compared to Eq. (33) substantially overestimates the rate compared to... [Pg.177]

Hansen, R. G. and Gitzelmann, R. 1975. The metabolism of lactose and galactose. In Physiological Effects of Food Carbohydrates. A Jeanes and J. Hodge (Editors). ACS Symposium Series 15. American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., pp. 100-122. [Pg.335]

The term greenhouse effect was used for the first time by the French mathematician Jean Fourier. He compared the role of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to the glass roof of a hot house or green house used to raise tropical plants in cool climates. [Pg.131]

Scala, J. In "Physiological Effects of Fiber Food Carbohydrates" Jeanes, A. Hodge, J. Eds. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1975 Chapter 21. [Pg.21]

The author thanks Drs G. A. Arteca and C. T. Reimann for many enlightening discussions, and Dr Jean Maruani for calling his attention to possible effects of sound on chemical (biological) processes. The Swedish Research Council (NFR) has given financial support to this work. [Pg.45]

Jean-Louis G, Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S, Klauber MR, Sepulveda RS. Sleep duration, illumination, and activity patterns in a population sample effects of gender and ethnicity. Biol Psychiatry 2000 47 921-927. [Pg.208]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.237 ]




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