Jasmonic acid biosynthesis

Jasmonate signaling Inhibit jasmonic acid-induced gene expression as well as jasmonic acid biosynthesis... 

Park, J.H. et al. (2002) A knock-out mutation in allene oxide synthase results in male sterility and defective wound signal transduction in Arabidopsis due to a block in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Plant J. 31, 1-12... 

Fig, 1 Schematic representation of the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid biosynthesis. 12-OH-JA, 12-hydroxy-jasmonic acid AOC, allene oxide cyclase AOS, allene oxide synthase JA, jasmonic acid JARl, enzyme responsible for the conjugation of JA with isoleucine (JA-Ile) JMT, 5 -adenosyl-L-methionine jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase LA, a-linolenic acid LOX, lipoxygenase MeJA, methyl jasmonate OPDA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid OPR3, OPDA reductaseS PL, phospholipase... 

DU, L., LYKKESFELDT, J, OLSEN, C.E., HALKIER, B.A., Involvement of cytochrome P450 in oxime production in glucosinolate biosynthesis as demonstrated by an in vitro microsomal enzyme system isolated from jasmonic acid-induced seedlings oiSinapis alba L, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 12505-12509. 

Fig. 3 Biosynthetic pathways to pyrethrins. The identified enzymes involved in biosynthesis are shown in orange. Note that green leaf volatiles and the plant hormone jasmonic acid share the oxylipin pathway. The phosphate moiety is indicated as P ...

Vick, B. A., Zimmerman, D. C. Biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by several plant species. Plant Physiol 1984 75 458-461. 

Responses to biotic and abiotic stresses Stress response in the absence of jasmonic acid Effect of jasmonates on developmental processes OPDA on developmental processes Signaling Ethylene Introduction Chemistry Biosynthesis... 

Koo, A.J.K., Chung, H.S., Kobayashi, Y. and Howe, G.A. (2006) Identification of a peroxisomal acyl-activating enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid in Ambidopsis.. Biol. Chem., 281, 33511-20. 

Finally, there has been speculation and recent experimental support for the involvement of a Nazarov-type cyclization in the biosynthesis of c/ s-jasmonic acid ° and marine-derived prostanoids. Radiolabel tracer studies have demonstrated Ae intermediacy of 8-HPETE (104) in the biosynthesis of prostanoid intermediate preclavulone A (lO ). This remarkable conversion was proposed to proceed by formation of allene oxide (105) followed by isomerization to (107) via the 2-oxidocyclopentadienyl cation (106 Scheme 41). To demonstrate the chemical feasibility of this proposal, Corey reported the transformation of epoxysilane (108) to, inter alia, the cyclopentenone (111 Scheme 42). The reaction is presumed to involve formation of the allene oxide (109) followed by isomerization to the 2-oxi-dopentadienylic cation (110). Conrotatory closure of (110) is expected to produce the cis isomer of (111) as observed. 

Degradation products of LOOHs are able to initiate the production of the ethylene, kinases and G-proteins required to induce an oxidative burst. These events are apparently followed by activation of the genes which encode the generation of jasmonic acid and of salicylic acid. These are in turn able to induce the production of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway [149,150], and enzymes which initiate the biosynthesis of terpenes (e.g. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase [145,151-153]) and lignins. 

Other candidates are the polyamine and jasmonic acid families, and all have precursors, metabolites, conjugates, and synthetic analogues. Their biosynthesis and metabolism, which provide additional control points for their function, are studied intensively. 

Jasmonic acid (also derived by biosynthesis from 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids 11.48) is often involved in the signaling in the plant to respond to the threat.182... 

Koch, T., Bandemer, K., and Boland, W. 1997. Biosynthesis of cw-jasmon A pathway for the inactivation and the disposal of the plant stress hormone jasmonic acid to the gas phase Helv. Chim. Acta 80 838-50. 

LI, C.Y., LIU, G.H., XU, C.C., LEE, G.I., BAUER, P., LING, H.Q., GANAL, M.W., HOWE, G.A., The tomato Suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 gene encodes a fatty acid desaturase required for the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and the production of a systemic wound signal for defense gene expression. Plant Ce//, 2003,15, 1646-1661. 

Biosynthesis Pathway for the inactivation and the disposal of the plant stress hormone jasmonic acid to the gas phase . 

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