J-modulation

Avdievich N I and Forbes M D E 1995 Dynamic effects in spin-correlated radical pair theory J modulation and a new look at the phenomenon of alternating line widths in the EPR spectra of flexible biradicals J. Phys. Chem. 99 9660-7... 

APT Attached proton test, a modification of the J-modulated spin-echo experiment to determine C//multiplicities, a less sensitive alternative to DEPT... 

Tjandra, N., Bax, A. Measurement of dipolar contributions to /ch splittings from magnetic-field dependence of J modulation in two-dimensional NMR spectra./. Magn. Reson. 1997, 124, 512-515. 

Pal, D. Audus, K. L. Siahaan, T. J., Modulation of cellular adhesion in bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells by a decapeptide, Brain Res. 747, 103-113 (1997). 

Spealman R., Bergman J. Modulation of the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine by mu and kappa opioids. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 261 607, 1992. 

Duman, R. and Enna, S. J. Modulation of receptor-mediated cyclic AMP production in brain. Neuropharmacology 26 981-986,1987. 

Brailoiu, E., Patel, S. and Dun, N. J. Modulation of spontaneous transmitter release from the frog neuromuscular junction by interacting intracellular Ca2+ stores critical role for nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). Biochem. J. 373 313-318, 2003. 

Schreihofer DA, Rowe DF, Rissman EF, Scordalakes EM, Gustaffsson JA, Shupnik MA (2002) Estrogen receptor-a (ERa), but not ER/J, modulates estrogen stimulation of the ERa-truncated variant, TERP-1. Endocrinology 143 4196-4202... 

Fig. 7.11 J modulation in a constant time HSQC in order to measure dipolar couplings. A Watergate pulse is introduced in order to optimize water suppression. The intensity of cross peaks is given by /(7") = C cos(nJT)exp(-T/T2) The right...

One of the NMR experiments most commonly used to measure the CaHa dipolar coupling is a J-modulated pseudo-three-dimensional version of the constant time 13C-HSQC [48, 49]. The J coupling values are extracted by using time-domain fitting in the third dimension. Since spectral overlap is very common in 13C-HSQC of proteins, sometimes only a few... 

Waltenberger J. Modulation of growth factor action implications for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 1997 96 4083-4094. 

While the terminology scalar relaxation of the first kind concerns J modulation (J spin spin or scalar or indirect coupling constant) by exchange phenomena, the usual example of the second kind is a spin 1/2 nucleus (7), J coupled to a fast relaxing quadrupolar nucleus (S) with relaxation times Tj and Tf (and spin number /s)- The relevant interaction is of the form... 

The J-MODulated (JMOD) C experiment, also known as Attached Proton Test (APT) was the first and simplest way to determine "C multiplicities. In contrast to DEPT no polarization transfer is included in the pulse sequence (Fig. 3.16) and as a consequence the signals of quaternary carbons are visible in the spectrum, but the sequence is far less sensitive than DEPT or INEPT. The value of D2 is used to differentiate between the different carbon multiplicities. The signal intensities of quaternary carbons are not influenced by the value of D2 for D2 equal to 1 CH and CH, groups have maximum negative intensity and CHj has maximum positive intensity. For D2 equal to 1 /C2 J, ) only the signals of quaternary carbons are visible. 

Bushell, T. J., Lee C. C., Shigemoto R., Miller R. J. Modulation of synaptic transmission and differential localisation of mGlus in cultured hippocampal autapses, Neuropharmacology. 1999, 38, 1553-1567. 

Since JCH coupling is only in operation during one t,/2 period in the J-modulated spin-echo sequence with gated proton decoupling, as drawn in Fig. 2.51, the second Fourier transformation provides only one half of the actual Jal magnitudes. Therefore, resolution of smaller couplings will be poor. 

Let d i 0 by Noether s normalization lemma there exist bv. ..,Dd algebraically independent in b such that B is integral over Klbv bdJ. it follows easily that there exists c c A such that b1. .., bd c Bc and Bt is integral over Aclb,.. in particular Be is an Ac[bvJ ]-module of finite type. Therefore It is possible to find an exact sequence of Ajb. j-modules... 

DiPietro LA, Polverini PJ, Rahbe SM, Kovacs J. Modulation of JE/MCP-1 expression in dermal wound repair. American Journal of Pathology 1995, 146, 868-875. 

Breines, D., Burnham, J. Modulation of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbrial expression and adherence to uroepithelial cells following exposure of logarithmic phase cells to quinolones at subinhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994 34 205-21. 

Kurtz, R. J. Modulation of white blood cell activity in vitro. Personal communication. 

Heller, J., Modulated release from drug delivery devices, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1993, pp. 253-305. 

PARK, S.-U., YU, M., FACCHINI, P.J., Modulation of berberine bridge enzyme levels in transgenic root cultures of California poppy alters the accumulation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Plant Mol. Biol., 2002, in press. 

Chirp pulses have also been used in a double-J-modulated INEPT-INADE-QUATE.29 Universal rotators constructed by combining two point-to-point rotations30 have been recently used in 1H- and 13C-detected IPAP-INADEQUATE experiments.31,32... 

It is important to note that in this description of spin-coupled nuclei, we begin to see the limitations of the vector approach to understanding the NMR processes involved. In this case it is fairly simple to graft on the quantum aspect of spin orientation to provide an intuitively satisfying picture of decoupling and of the J modulation of spin echoes. Other cases will not be so clear and will force us to adopt a more powerful approach in Chapter 11. 

Hosoyama, H. Shigemori, H. Tomida, A. Tsumo, T Kobayashi, J. Modulation of multidmg resistance in tumor cells by taxinine derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9 389-392. 

---