J-D-Glucanases

Kinetic investigations were performed using the tetrasaccharide (44i), its higher homologs of DP 5 and DP 6, and 1,3 l,4-/J-D-glucanase isolated from Bacillus licheniformis [42b]. As expected, all these compounds were resistant to enzymatic cleavage and have been shown to act as competitive inhibitors (Kj in mmol/1 range). 

When the extracellular, acidic polysaccharide from Rhizobium meliloti IFO 13336 was hydrolyzed with extracellular /3-D-glycanase and then intracellular endo-(l - 6)-/J-D-glucanase, two tetrasaccharides were... 

The endo- l 3)-/J-D-glucanase secreted into the culture medium by ceils of Candida u tills was isolated and purified to homogeneity on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in ultracentrifugation studies (j20,W 1-97 S). The... 

Varghese and coworkers have identified the active site nucleophiles of two crystalline /3-D-glucan endohydrolases from germinating barley [70]. In more recent work, Hoj and coworkers were able to introduce 2,3-epoxypropyl-/J-laminaribioside 8 (n = 1) into the active site of the crystalline l,3-/3-D-glucanase from barley [71]. A subsequent X-ray crystallographic investigation gave invaluable information about the active site of this enzyme and the point of attachment between enzyme and inhibitor was confirmed. 

Fig. 3. —Proposed Structure of a Portion of theHemieellulosicXyloglucan of the Primary Cell-Wall of Dicots (After Albersheim5-64). [Heptasac-charide A and nonasaccharide B are derived from oligosaccharide C by the action of endo-(l—>4)-/ -D-glucanase at the bonds indicated by arrows. Pentasaccharide D is derived from "B by the combined action of a-L-fucosidase, a-D-xylosidase, and /J-D-glucosidase. A = L-arabinopyranose F = L-fucose G = D-glucose Gal = D-galactose X = D-xylose.]...

Cruz-Ortega, R., Cushman, J. C., and Ownby, J. D. 1997. cDNA clones encoding 1,3-P-glucanase and fimbrin-like cytoskeletal protein are induced by aluminum toxicity in wheat roots. Plant Physiol. 114, 1453-1460... 

Shoemaker, S. P. and R.D. Brown, J., Characterization of endo-1,4-b-D-glucanases purified from Trichoderma viride. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1978, 523, 147-161. 

Nono, L, Ohsawa, M., Oikawa, S., and Yadomae, A.T., Modification of immunostimulating activities of grifolan by the treatment with (1 3)-beta-D-glucanase, J. Pharmacobiodyn., 12, 671-680, 1989. 

Nicol R, His L, Jauneau A., Vemhettes S., Canut H., and Hofte H. (1998). A plasma membrane-bound putative endo-l,4-beta-D-glucanase is required for normal wall assembly and cell elongation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 17 5563-5576. 

Table II. Effects of xyloglucan oligosaccharide subunits on auxin-stimulated growth of pea epicotyl segments in vivo and pea endo-1,4-/ -glucanase activity in vitro. Growth of segments in 1 //M 2,4-D was measured after 18 h. Endo-1,4-/J-gIucanase activity was determined viscometrically after 30 min using tamarind xyloglucan as substrate. Data calculated from refs. 50 and 51...

Dubourdieu, D., Desplanques, C., Villettaz, J. C., and Ribereau-Gayon, P. (1985). Investigations of an industrial B-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum. Carbohydr. Res. 144, 277-287. 

Olsen, O., Thomsen, K. K., Weber, J., Duus, J. O., Svendsen, I., Wegener, C., and von Wettstein, D. (1996). Transplanting two unique beta-glucanase catalytic activities into one multienzyme, which forms glucose. Biotechnology (NY), 14, 71-76. 

Neuhaus, J.M., Flores, S., Keefe, D., Ahi-Goy, P. and Meins, F., Jr. (1992). The function of vacuolar beta-1,3-glucanase investigated by antisense transformation. Susceptibility of transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris plants to Cer-cospora nicotianae infection. Plant Mol. Biol. 19, 803-813. 

Lane D.R., Wiedemeier A., Peng L., Hofte H., Vemhettes S., Desprez T., Hocart C.H., Birch R.J., Baskin T.I., Bum J.E., Arioli T., Betzner A.S., and Williamson R.E. 2001. Temperature-sensitive alleles of RSWl link the KORRIGAN endo-l,4-P-glucanase to cellulose synthesis and cytokinesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 126 278-288. 

Damascene, C.M.B., Bishop, J.G., RipoU, D.R., Win, J., Kamoun, S., Rose, J.K.C. (2008). Structure of the glucanase inhibitor protein (GIP) family from Ph5dophthora species suggests coevolution with plant endo-P-l,3-glucanases. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 21, 820-830. 

Adams, D. J. Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. Microbiology 2004,150,2029-2035. Akhtar, M., MaUk, A. Roles of organic soil amendments and soil oiganisms in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes a review. Biores Technol 2000,74,35 7. 

Salyers, A. A., Palmer, J. K. Wilkins, T. D. (1977). Laminarinase (P-glucanase) activity in bacteroides from the human colon. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33, 1118-1124. 

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