Italy hydrogenation

Titanium Silicates. A number of titanium siUcate minerals are known (160) examples are Hsted in Table 19. In most cases, it is convenient to classify these on the basis of the connectivity of the SiO building blocks, eg, isolated tetrahedra, chains, and rings, that are typical of siUcates in general. In some cases, the SiO units may be replaced, even if only to a limited extent by TiO. For example, up to 6% of the SiO in the garnet schorlomite can be replaced by TiO. In general, replacement of SiO by TiO bull ding blocks increases the refractive indices of these minerals. Ti has also replaced Si in the framework of various zeofltes. In addition, the catalytic activity of both titanium-substituted ZSM-5 (TS-1) and ZSM-11 (TS-2) has received attention (161), eg, the selective oxidation of phenol, with hydrogen peroxide, to hydroquinone and catechol over TS-1 has been operated at the 10,000 t/yr scale in Italy (162). 

Plants for the production of sodium cyanide from Andmssow process or from acrylonitrile synthesis by-product hydrogen cyanide are operating in the United States, Italy, Japan, the UK, and AustraUa. In Germany, sodium cyanide is produced from BMA hydrogen cyanide, and in AustraUa one plant uses Fluohmic process hydrogen cyanide. 

Ohi, J.M., Moen, C., Keller, J., Cox, R., Risk Assessment for Hydrogen Codes and Standards, Proceedings of the HySafe International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, Pisa, Italy, September 8-10, 2005. 

Ispra Mark 13A A flue-gas desulfurization process developed at the Joint Research Centre of the European Community at Ispra, Italy, from 1979. It uses a novel electrochemical method to regenerate the solution used for absorbing the sulfur dioxide. The products are concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen. The absorbent is a dilute aqueous solution of sulfuric and hydrobromic acids, containing a small amount of elemental bromine. Sulfur dioxide reacts with the bromine thus ... 

Fiat has been working on its Fuel Cell Pandas. Centro Ricerche Fiat (CRF) delivered several Nuvera fuel cell powered Panda vehicles to the municipality of Mantova, Italy, as part of the Zero Regio demonstration project. The Pandas were presented alongside an ENI multi-fuel refilling station, offering pressurized hydrogen at 350 bar. 

Figure 10.8 shows the geographical distribution of industrial hydrogen production sites in Western Europe. As can be seen, there are clusters of hydrogen production, mainly in the Benelux and Rhine-Main area (Germany) as well as in the Midlands (UK) and Northern Italy. 

Figure 18.3. Structure of the investments of the six HyWays countries (France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands and Norway) in a hydrogen economy (cumulative for a ten-year period, hydrogen high-penetration scenario).

An indication of the environmental effects of hydrogen deployment for each of six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK) is given in Fig. 19.10, where the fine dust emissions are shown for the hydrogen high-penetration scenario. Similar trends are found for other pollutants. The data are normalised in respect to the baseline scenario and show a trend very similar for the analysed countries with a reduction of more than 70% in 2050. The results are an average per country. At a local level, higher reductions can also be achieved if nontechnical measures, such as limitation of city centre access for non-zero emission vehicles, are taken. 

A second workshop, Catalysis for Sustainable Energy Production , was held in Sesto Fiorentino (Florence, Italy) from 29 November to 1 December 2006. The structure and approach of this workshop were similar to those of the first, but the focus was on (i) fuel cells, (ii) hydrogen and methane storage and (iii) H2 production from old to new processes, including those using renewable energy sources. The present book is based on this second workshop and reports a series of invited contributions which provide both the state-of-the-art and frontier research in the field. Many contributions are from industry, but authors were also asked to focus their description on the identification of priority topics and problems. The active discussions during the workshop are reflected in the various chapters of this book. 

Basilus Valentinus of Italy was first to isolate the acid and reported it under the name spiritus sabs in the fifteenth century. Glauber prepared this acid by the reaction of sulfuric acid with common salt in 1648. Lavoisier proposed the name muriatic acid in 1789 after muriate, the term referring to a chlorine-containing inorganic substance. Sir Humphrey Davy proved the gas was composed of only hydrogen and chlorine in 1810. Subsequently, the gas was named hydrogen chloride. 

Italy - the first hydrogen-powered urban fuel cell bus was developed by Iveco/lrisbus for the municipal transport authority of Turin in 2001. The bus, in hybrid configuration, is fuelled with hydrogen (electrolysis) and equipped with a battery system. The fuel cell is supplied by International Fuel Cells and has a power rating of 60 kW. 

The following areas have been identified as priorities for hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier in Italy ... 

Key players in Italy s fuel cell and hydrogen sector span public and private entities including active participation from technical universities and research centres. 

Bacci, E., Gaggi, C., Lanzillotti, E., Ferrozzi, S. Valli, L. 2000. Geothermal power plants at Mt. Amiata (Tuscany-Italy) mercury and hydrogen sulphide deposition revealed by vegetation. Chemosphere, 40, 907-911. 

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