International Fuel Cells

Figure 20. Performance characteristics of the International Fuel Cells 10-cell DMFC stack. (After Ref. 112 reproduced by permission of The Electrochemical Society, Inc.)...

E. Schwarzer and W. Vielstich, 3rd International Fuel Cells Symposium, Bruxelles 1969, Presses Academiques Europennes, Bruxelles, 1969, p. 220. 

Worldwide over 150 demonstration plants have been installed. These represent around 40 to 50 MW of electrical generating capacity. Nearly 75% is installed in Japan, over 15% in North America, and 9% in Europe. The U.S.-based International Fuel Cells (IFC) and its partner Toshiba are responsible for producing over 70%, Fuji over 25%, and Mitsubishi about 2% (WFCC analysis). These phosphoric acid systems are operating in real world commercial situations and have clearly demonstrated their suitability for on-site cogeneration. 

Investigation of Design and Manufacturing Methods for Low-Cost Fabrication of High Efficiency, High Power Density PEM Fuel Cell Power Plant," prepared by International Fuel Cells, Final Report FCR-11320A, June 10, 1991. 

Advanced Water-Cooled Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Development, Final Report," Report No. DE/MC/24221-3130, International Fuel Cells Corporation for U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC21-88MC24221, South Windsor, CT, September 1992. 

N. Giordano, E. Passalacqua, L. Pino, V. Alderucci, P.L. Antonucci, "Catalyst and Electrochemistry in PAFC A Unifying Approach," in The International Fuel Cell Conference Proceedings, NEDO/MTTI, Tokyo, Japan, 1992. 

J.A.S. Bett, H.R. Kunz, S.W. Smith and L.L. Van Dine, "Investigation of Alloy Catalysts and Redox Catalysts for Phosphoric Acid Electrochemical Systems," FCR-7157F, prepared by International Fuel Cells for Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. 9-X13-D6271-1, 1985. 

S. Takashima, K. Ohtsuka, T. Kara, M. Takeuchi, Y. Fukui, H. Fujimura, Hitachi, "MCFC Stack Technology at Hitachi," in The International Fuel Cell Conference Proceedings, NEDO/MITI, Tol o, Japan, Pgs. 265-268, 1992. 

T.P. Magee, H R. Kunz, M. Krasij, H.A. Cole, "The Effects of Halides on the Performance of Coal Gas-Fueled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell," Semi-Annual Report, October 1986 -March 1987, prepared by International Fuel Cells for the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV, under Contract No. DE-AC21-86MC23136, May 1987. 

W.H. Johnson, "International Fuel Cells MCFC Technical Accomplishment," in Proceedings of the Second Annual Fuel Cells Contractor s Review Meeting, US DOE/METC, May 1990. 

The fuel cell Rankine cycle arrangement has been selected so that all fuel preheating and reforming are carried out external to the cell and air preheating is accomplished by mixing with recycled depleted air. The air feed flow is adjusted so that no heat transfer is required in the cell or from the recycled air. Consequently, the internal fuel cell structure is greatly simplified, and the requirement for a heat exchanger in the recycle air stream is eliminated. 

FIG. 24-48 Orbiter power plant. International Fuel Cells.)... 

Italy - the first hydrogen-powered urban fuel cell bus was developed by Iveco/lrisbus for the municipal transport authority of Turin in 2001. The bus, in hybrid configuration, is fuelled with hydrogen (electrolysis) and equipped with a battery system. The fuel cell is supplied by International Fuel Cells and has a power rating of 60 kW. 

The hydrogen strategy is to focus on distributed hydrogen related energy systems, network with international activities (EU, lEA, Nordic), and connect with fuel cell activities in Finland. Finland s fuel cell strategy is a bit more developed, with plans to focus on systems, fuel cell demonstrations and applications, build a close relationship with industry to create a national fuel cell group, and network with international fuel cell initiatives. 

R. Bellows, in International Fuel Cells , Preprints of Symposia, ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, South Windsor, CT, 2001, vol. 46(2), pp. 650-651. 

Y. Tabuchi, N. Kubo, in 6th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology conference (2008), FuelCell2008-65201, DENVER, CO, 16-18 June 2008... 

Winkler, W., Lay out principles of the integration of fuel preparation in fuel cell systems, in Proceedings 2ndlFCC (International Fuel Cell Conference), NEDO, Kobe, Japan, 1996, pp. 397 100. 

Parker, W.G., Bevc, F.P., SureCELLTM integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell / Oxidation Turbine power plants for distributed power applications, in Proceedings 2nd International Fuel Cell Conference, Kobe, Japan, February 5-8, 1996, pp. 275-278. 

Pakalapati, S.R., Elizalde-Blancas, F. and Celik, I. (2007) Numerical simulation of solid oxide fuel cell stacks Comparison between a reduced order pseudo three-dimensional model and a multidimensional model, Proceedings of 5th ASME International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference, New York, USA, June 18-20. 

AFC working at 80°C with concentrated potassium hydroxide as electrolyte, conducting by the OFF anion. This kind of fuel cell, developed by International Fuel Cells (IFC, the United States), is now used in the space shuttle. 

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