Water isopropyl alcohol mixtures

The mixture is cooled and noncondensable gases are scmbbed with water. Some of the resultant gas stream, mainly hydrogen, may be recycled to control catalyst fouhng. The Hquids are fractionally distilled, taking acetone overhead and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water as bottoms. A caustic treatment maybe used to remove minor aldehyde contaminants prior to this distillation (29). In another fractionating column, the aqueous isopropyl alcohol is concentrated to about 88% for recycle to the reactor. 

Medical Usage. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for home, hospital, and industry (see Disinfectants and antiseptics). It is about twice as effective as ethyl alcohol in these appHcations (153,154). Rubbing alcohol, a popular 70 vol % isopropyl alcohol-in-water mixture, exemplifies the medicinal use of isopropyl alcohol. Other examples include 30 vol % isopropyl alcohol solutions for medicinal liniments, tinctures of green soap, scalp tonics, and tincture of mercurophen. It is contained in pharmaceuticals, eg, local anesthetics, tincture of iodine, and bathing solutions for surgical sutures and dressings. Over 200 uses of isopropyl alcohol have been tabulated (2). 

The addition of TYZOR AA to larger quantities of water results in precipitation of the polytitanaoxane as a yellow soHd, which can be isolated and dried (92). The precipitation of this soHd can be prevented by diluting the TYZOR AA with an equal volume of 10% aqueous acetic acid and then 13 times the amount of a 1 1 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water (93). 

Applying Concepts The isopropyl alcohol you used is a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. Would pure isopropyl alcohol evaporate more quickly or more slowly compared to the alcohol and water mixture Give a reason for your answer. 

Table 5-4 gives the specifications for the SCWO reactors. The reactors operate at approximately 650°C (1,200°F) and 3,400 psig. These conditions are well above the critical temperature and pressure of water. The oxidizer is either pressurized ambient air or a synthetic air consisting of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at a 21 79 volume ratio, delivered at a feed rate that is 20 percent in excess of the stoichiometric requirement.2 Isopropyl alcohol and water are used to adjust... 

Another potential application for zeolite/polymer mixed-matrix membranes is the separation of various liquid chemical mixtures via pervaporation. Pervapora-tion is a promising membrane-based technique for the separation of liquid chemical mixtures, especially in azeotropic or close-boihng solutions. Polydime thy 1-siloxane (PDMS), which is a hydrophobic polymer, has been widely used as the continuous polymer matrix for preparing hydrophobic mixed-matrix membranes. To achieve good compatibility and adhesion between the zeolite particles and the PDMS polymer, ZSM-5 was incorporated into the PDMS polymer matrix, the resulting ZS M -5/ P DM S mixed-matrix membranes showed simultaneous enhancement in selectivity and flux for the separation of isopropyl alcohol from water. It was demonstrated that the separation performance of these membranes was affected by the concentration of the isopropyl alcohol in the feed [96]. 

There remains little more for the operator to decide. Sometimes, alternative but similar solvent mixtures that have a lower viscosity or higher solute diffusivity could be selected. For example, a n-hexane/methanol mixture might be chosen as an alternative to the more viscous n-heptane/isopropyl alcohol mixture as it has similar elution properties. However, it will be shown later, that if a fully optimized column is employed the viscosity of the mobile phase does not seem to effect the column performance as it is taken into account in the optimization procedure. The operator would, under some circumstances, be free to choose less toxic or less costly solvents for example, in reverse phase chromatography the operator could select methanol/ water solvent mixtures as opposed to acetonitrile/water mixture on the basis of lower cost or less... 

Chromatography has been carried out ascendingly with a mixture of pyridine, ammonia, isopropyl alcohol, and water as eluent. At the starting point, 0.001 ml. of the plasticizer mixture was applied, and the chromatography was completed within eight hours. The paper subsequently was dried in hot air at 85° C. and then, at room temperature, was gradually treated with Universal indicator solution (British Drug House). 

Saponification Value Transfer 2 g of sample, accurately weighed, into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Dissolve in 25 mL of a 2 1 toluene isopropyl alcohol mixture. Using a volumetric pipet, add exactly 50.0 mL of 0.1 N methanolic potassium hydroxide. Connect a condenser to the flask, and reflux gently until the sample is completely saponified (usually 30 min). Cool to room temperature, wash the condenser with a few milliliters of water, add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein TS, titrate the excess potassium hydroxide with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, and record the total volume of acid required. Perform a blank determination (see General Provisions), and make any necessary correction. Calculate the saponification value by the formula... 

Lin X, Kikuchi E, and Matsukata M. Preparation of mordenite membranes on alpha-alumina tubular supports for pervaporation of water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures. Chem Commun 2000 11 957-958. 

Yields of the Reducing Species in the Vapor-Phase Radiolysis of Isopropyl Alcohol and Water-Isopropyl Alcohol Mixtures... 

In the y-radiolysis of water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures in the vapor phase, the total yields of hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide are linear over the whole concentration range, in the presence and absence of electron scavengers. The majority of the hydrogen produced from energy absorption by both water and isopropyl alcohol is formed by H-atom abstraction from isopropyl alcohol. Part of the H-atom yield is formed by electron-positive ion neutralization and part by processes not involving electrons. As far as the formation of H atoms is concerned, both electron-positive ion and ion-ion neutralizations appear to be independent of the composition of the positive ion cluster. A yield of molecular hydrogen is also present in both water and isopropyl alcohol. 

Water-Isopropyl Alcohol + Additives. Sulfur Hexafluoride. The effect of SF6 on the hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide yields from water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Extrapolation to /p = 0 gives G(H2)W° = 5.5 0.3, G(CH4)W° = 0... 

Hydrogen Yields from Water-Isopropyl Alcohol Mixtures. Figure 1 shows that both water and isopropyl alcohol contribute to the total hydrogen yield, and the linear dependence of G(H2)t on the fraction of energy absorbed by each component may be expressed by the relationship... 

In water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures, the ion-molecule reactions occurring will be even more complicated. The reaction... 

Hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide yields in the vapor phase radiolysis of water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures at 125°C. are linear over... 

A similar growth is seen if the pH is decreased from 9.0 to 7.0. As shown in Figure 7, the particles again grow because at this lower pH, fewer of the surface TiOH groups are ionized, and the electrostatic repulsion is lower. A second set of experiments were performed on titanium acetylacetonate cross-linker (Tyzor AA). The acetylacetone ligand is much more weakly bound to the Ti than the triethanolamine (21) therefore, if the Tyzor AA is added directly to water, a white precipitate immediately forms. The hydrolysis reactions can be limited by mixing the Tyzor AA with mixtures of isopropyl alcohol and water. The added isopropyl alcohol drives the reaction... 

A azeotropic mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water is separated by addition of ethylene ,ycol. Extractive distillation leads to pure isopropyl alcohol as overhead product, and water and ethylene glycol as bottom product. This mixture is split into water and ethylene glycol under reduced pressure in a downstream distillation column. The ethylene glycol is then cooled and recycled to the extractive distillation (Figure 2.3.2-34). 

Figure 2.13b shows a structure of concentration space of mixture benzene (entrainer) (1) -isopropyl alcohol(2)-water(3). The mixture has a ternary azeotrope and three binary azeotropes. 

A solution of CoCh 6H2O in isopropyl alcohol and water is purple (not shown) due to the mixture of (Co(0H2)tF (pniA) and (CoCI P (A/ire). When we add concentrated HCI, the excess Cl shifts the reaction to the right (blue, photo). Adding AgNOsIaq) removes some Cl hy precipitation of bgCKs) and favors the reaction to the left (produces more [Co(0H2)d ) the resulting solution is pink (left photo). Each model shows the structure of the cohalt complex species present in higher concentration other ions and solvent molecules are not shown. 

Isopropyl Alcohol and Water.—With isopropyl alcohol and water, similar results would be obtained except that the difference between the boiling points of the pure alcohol and of the binary mixture is sufficiently great for the two to be distinguished without difficulty by the observed temperature, and also that the binary mixture can be separated in a pure state from water. 

The insoluble product is filtered off and washed with water until free of acid. Like other initial detonating compounds, lead styphnate is kept underwater or under a water-isopropyl alcohol mixture until used. 

Feng treated commercial PES membranes with a butoxyethenol/isopropyl alcohol mixture (40/60) under the same condition as they were coated with SPPO polymer solution. The pure water permeation flux and MWCO were then determined at 50 psig. Pure water permeation flux and MWCO of the membranes before and after the treatment are listed in Table 13. 

Place a mixture of 53 g. of A.R. lactic acid (85-88 per cent, acid), 75 g. (85-5 ml.) of commercial anhydrous isopropyl alcohol, 300 ml. of benzene and 20 g. of Zeo-Karb 225/H (1) in a 700 ml. bolt-head flask, equipped with an automatic water separator (e.g., a large modified Dean and Stark apparatus with a stopcock at the lower end, see Fig. Ill, 126, 1) carrying an efficient reflux condenser at its upper end, and a mercury-sealed stirrer (alternatively, the hquid-sealed stirrer shown in Fig. 11,7,11, c. may be used). Reflux the mixture, with stirring, on a steam bath for 5 hours or until water no longer collects in appreciable amount in the water separator run off the water from time to time. Filter off the resin at the pump and wash it with two 25 ml. portions of benzene. Shake the combined filtrate and washings with about 5 g. of precipit-ated calcium... 

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