Isolation counter current chromatography

Kohler, N. and Winterhalter, R, Large-scale isolation of tlavan-3-ol fluoroglucinol adducts by high-speed counter-current chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1072, 217, 2005. 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been by far the most important method for separating chlorophylls. Open column chromatography and thin layer chromatography are still used for clean-up procedures to isolate and separate carotenoids and other lipids from chlorophylls and for preparative applications, but both are losing importance for analytical purposes due to their low resolution and have been replaced by more effective techniques like solid phase, supercritical fluid extraction and counter current chromatography. The whole analysis should be as brief as possible, since each additional step is a potential source of epimers and allomers. 

Degenhardt, A., Knapp, H., and Winterhalter, P., Rapid isolation of malvidin 3-glucoside from red wine by high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), Vitis, 39, 43, 2000. 

At present, it has only been possible to isolate and identify high concentrations of one compound, isorhamnetin, from pollen of Phleum pretense using high-speed counter-current chromatography. This does not reflect the lack of proper technology, but rather the preparation, time and expense of isolating cryptic and perhaps ephemeral compounds via techniques involving more sophisticated HPLC and mass spectrometry. Consistent with the author s earlier hypothesis that an isorhamnetin class... 

Kohler N, Wray V, Winterhalter P (2008) Preparative isolation of procyanidins from grape seed extracts by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1177 114-125... 

Smith, B. G., and P. V. Desmond. Acute hepatitis induced by ingestion of the herbal medication Chaparral. Aust N Z J Med 1993 23(5) 526. Gnabre, J. N., Y. Ito, Y. Ma, and R. C. Huang. Isolation of anti-HIV-1 lignans from Larrea tridentata by counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A... 

In search of new natural products, crude extracts are classically subjected to multi-step work-up and isolation procedures which include various separation methods (besides HPLC, for instance, column, gel or counter-current chromatography) in order to obtain pure compounds which are then structurally elucidated by using off-line spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. 

Spraul et al. (1992) revealed the presence of two novel compounds in parsley, C20H30O4 and C20H32O3, isolated and purified by means of high-speed counter-current chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical transformations. Their systematic names according to the chemical abstract nomenclature are ... 

Fischer, N., Weinreich, B., Nitz, S. and Drawert, F. (1991) Applications of high-speed counter-current chromatography for the separation and isolation of natural products. Journal of Chromatography A 538(1), 193-202. 

Vonhaelen, M. Vanhaelen-Fastre, R. Counter-current chromatography for isolation of flavonol glycosides from Ginkgo biloba leaves. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1988, 11, 2969-2975. 

Hostettmann,K. Hostettmann, M Marston, A., Isolation of Natural Products by Droplet Counter-Current Chromatography and Related Methods. Nat. Prod. Rep. 1984, 1, 471. 

Chen, R. Cao, S. W. Ruan, Z., Isolation of chemical constituents from Daphne odora var. Margirmt by high-speed counter-current chromatography, Chem. Nat. Compd, 2009, 45, 534-535. 

Berberine, coptisine, and /3-stylopine methohydroxide have been isolated from Papaver rhoeas L., berberine, berberubine, isocorypalmine, and thalifendine from Thalictrum dioicum, berberine from T. sachalinense, corydaline from Corydalis marschalliana, scoulerine, ophiocarpine, isocorypalmine, and cheilanthifoline from C. vaginans, C. gigantea, and C marschalliana, and ophiocarpine, stylopine, cheilanthifoline, isocorypalmine, and the chlorides of berberine, coptisine, and dehydrocheilanthifoline from C. ophiocarpa. The alkaloids of C. ophiocarpa were separated by droplet counter-current chromatography. ... 

H. Otsuka, Y. Ogihara, and S. Shibata, Isolation of coclaurine from Zizy-phus jujuba by droplet counter current chromatography, Phytochem. 13 (1974), 2016. 

The genus Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae) is a wellknown source of a variety of indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological interest (40). Cell cultures of plants from this genus have been initiated (41) and were found to produce alkaloids. In order to be able to identify the alkaloids an isolation method has been elaborated, using droplet counter current chromatography (DCCC). 

Han, X. Pathmasiri, W. Bohlin, L. Janson, J.-C. Isolation of high purity l-[2, 4 -dihydroxy-3, 5 -di-(3"-methylbut-2"-enyl)-6 -methoxy]phenylethanone from Acronychia pedun-culata by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 2004,1022 (1-2), 213-216. 

Lee, Y.W. Cook, C.E. Fang, Q.C. Ito, Y. Application of analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography to the isolation of bioactive natural products. J. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 1989, 477, 434-438. 

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