ISOBUTYLENE COPOLYMER

Butyl rubber and other isobutylene polymers of technological importance iaclude various homopolymers and isobutylene copolymers containing unsaturation achieved by copolymerization with isoprene. Bromination or chlorination of the unsaturated site is practiced commercially, and other modifications are beiag iavestigated. 

Polymer Samples. The poly(vInyl alcohol) (PVA) is a commercial material from Scientific Polymer Products. The sample was dissolved at 10 w/v in OMSO-c. The sample of vinylldene chloride isobutylene copolymer was a kind gift of Drs. R. E. Cais and F. A. Bovey at AT T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, NJ. The sample was dissolved at 20 w/v in CDCI3. 

Example 2. Vinviidene Chloride Isobutylene Copolymer. The next example is for the carbon-13 spectrum of copolymer vinylidene chloride isobutylene. Figure 5 shows the full spectrum and the peak assignment listing for the non-protonated vinylidene chloride carbon in the 84-92 ppm range. Triad assignments were made (Crowther, M. W., 1987, Syracuse University, unpublished data) using the two-dimensional COLOC (20) experiment. There are ten v-centered pentads representing different environments for the vinylidene chloride carbon. The i represents the non-protonated carbon in the isobutylene polymer unit. 

Figure 6. A porHon of the database for vinylidene chloride isobutylene copolymer. Boxed entries are required input from the user. The peak definition for the first peak is shown.

Poly(aMeSt-b-IB) Poly(a-methylstyrene-bZock-isobutylene) copolymer... 

Poly(St-b-IB) Poly(pClceMeSt-b-IB) Poly(styrene- block-isobutylene) copolymer Poly(p-chloro-a-methylstyrene-Z Zock-isobutylene) copolymer... 

Our goal in this work has been the development of a terminally bifunctional liquid rubber. Carboxy-terminated polyisobutylene (CTPIB) approaches a terminally bifunctional polymer. It is made by the ozoniza-tion in the presence of pyridine of a high molecular weight, low unsaturation piperylene-isobutylene copolymer as shown in Reaction 1. 

Polymer Unsaturation Analysis. Unsaturation is determined routinely by an iodine-mercuric acetate procedure (5). The result of this procedure, iodine number (cgrams of iodine/grams of polymer), was correlated to actual unsaturation by an infrared and an NMR study (4). The infrared study showed that the factor of 0.184 is needed to convert iodine number to % unsaturation. The NMR study showed that a factor of 0.196 is needed to convert iodine number to % unsaturation. [As an example, a piperylene-isobutylene copolymer with an iodine number of 20.7 would have unsaturation values of (20.7) (0.196) = 4.05 mole % (NMR) and (20.7) (0.184) = 3.82 mole % (infrared).]... 

Results. The chemistry of the ozonization of a piperylene-isobutylene copolymer was investigated by measuring the amounts of acid and... 

Isomerization from the secondary to the more stable tertiary carbonium ion precedes reaction with the next molecule of monomer. A 1,3 polymerization has therefore occurred. Similarly, 4-methyl-l-pentene gives a 1,4 polymer (probably involving two successive 1,2 hydride shifts) that has a structure corresponding to an ethylene-isobutylene copolymer (Reaction 25). 

Rinaldi et al. introduced the use of correlations for the characterization of microstructures in fluoropolymers by demonstrating that highly dispersed 2D- F, C HMQC and HMBC spectra allowed the identification of different triads and pentads in a 1-chloro-l-fiuoroethylene/isobutylene copolymer, and 3D- H, C, F experiments permitted assignment of the tacticity in polymeric l-chloro-l-fluoroethylene. The latter experiment is interesting because it exploits the unique chemical shift dispersion of F nuclei for the separation of resonances originating from different stereosequences, and then uses the cross-peak multiplicities in the slices... 

Butyl 268 Butyl rubber (isoprene/isobutylene copolymer). 

Gipstein, W. Moreau, and O. Need, Poly(methyl methacrylate isobutylene) copolymers as highly sensitive electron beam resists, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1105 (1976). 

The relative permeability of the elastomers decreases with increase in nano-clay incorporation by several folds. The significant decrease in oxygen permeability of isobutylene-copolymer nanocomposites replaces traditional inner-liners of tires for truck applications [113]. 

Butyl rubber was and is enormously successful both technolc cally and in the business sense. But other Sparks inventions and coinventions also were commercially successful. Examples are styrene-isobutylene copolymers as coating for paper and paper milk bottles, styrene-isoprene copolymers as artificial leather, colored asphalt paving materials, oxo alcohols, and oxo ester plasticizers. During his brief period of employment as a research supervisor at USDA s Northern Regional Research Center, Peoria, Illinois, Dr. Sparks initiated work on dimer acids... 

Particular studies of the IR spectra of polymers include isotactic poly(l-pentane), poly(4-methyl-l-pentene), and atactic poly(4-methyl-pentene) [18], chlorinated PE [19], aromatic polymers including styrene, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid [20], PS [21, 22], styrene-glycidyl-p-isopropenylphenyl ether copolymers [23], styrene-isobutylene copolymers [24], vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl fluoride terpolymers [25], vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers [26], styrene copolymers [27], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, graft copolymers, and butadiene-styrene [28] and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers [29]. 

Emulsifying agents Styrene-isobutylene copolymer United States 2,871,137 1958 Esso Research... 

Other applications of IR spectroscopy in copolymer characterisation include styrene-glycidyl-p-isopropenylphenyl ether copolymers [4], styrene-isobutylene copolymers [5], vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl fluoride terpolymers [6], vinylchloride - vinyl acetate copolymers [7], styrene copolymers [8], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [9], graft copolymers, and butadiene-styrene [10] and acrylonitrile - styrene copolymers [11], polyurethane - polyacrylate [12], polymethylmethacrylate grafted high alpha cellulose [13], bisphenol-polycarbonate (PC) [14], bromobutyl isoprene [15], styrene - methacrylonitrile (SMAN) [16, 17] and styrene - acrylonitrile [18]. 

C150H186 hexabenzocoronene derivative polymantanes acenaphthofluoranthenes c/s-polyisoprene -[CH2C(CH3)=CHCH2].-isoprene—isobutylene copolymer styrene—butadiene copolymer ethylene—propylene copolymer liquid crystal (component for photovoltaic films) new material hydrocarbons built from fused adamantine units conductive ladder polymer natural rubber synthetic rubber... 

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