Islet cell antibodies

Marner, B., Knut.son, C., Lernmark, A., Nerup, J., and the Hagedorn Study Group (1985). Immunological investigations Islet cell antibodies. In Methods in Diabetes Research (J. L. Lamer and S. L. Pohl, eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 181-194- Wiley, New York. 

Autoimmunity was suggested as a likely mechanism, with HLA-DR4 haplotype and/or islet cell antibody (ICA) positivity at the time of diagnosis in several patients. Because the induction of ICA antibodies in patients... 

More direct interference with glucose metabolism cannot be excluded. Interferon alfa can reduce the sensitivity of peripheral tissues or liver to insulin and accelerate the destruction of stimulated pancreatic beta-cells (540,541) this could be a possible mechanism in patients not exhibiting islet cell antibodies. This is also in keeping with rare instances of induction or exacerbation of type II noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (SEDA-19, 335). 

Patients with type I diabetes may have islet cell antibodies and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). They are dependent on insulin to prevent ketosis and hence have insulinopenia. Affected individuals consist mostly of children and young adults. 

Islet Cell Antibodies and Other Immunological Markers... 

Srikanta, S., Ganda, O., Eisenbarth, G S., and Soeldner, J. S, (1983). Islet-cell antibodies and beta-cell function in monozygotic triplets and twins initially discordant for type 1 diabele.i mellitus. N. Engl. /. Med. 30B, 322-325. 

Mire-Sluis AR, Gaines Das R, Lernmark A. The World Health Organization International Collaborative Study for islet cell antibodies. Diabetologia 2000 43 1282-92. 

The prevalence of /3-cell autoimmunity appears proportional to the incidence of type 1 DM in various populations. For instance, the countries of Sweden, Sardinia, and Finland have the highest prevalence of islet cell antibody (3% to 4.5%) and are associated with the highest incidence of type 1 DM, 22 to 35 per 100,000." ... 

Nodular glomerulosclerosis, first described by Kimmelstiel and Wilson in 1936, appears to be specific for juvenile onset or islet cell antibody-positive diabetes mellitus. The nodular lesion is found in the intercapillary tissue or mesangium (19). 

Islet cell antibodies (ICA). Autoantibodies reacting with endocrine (pancreatic islet) cells and detectable by indirect immunofluorescence on pancreas cryostat sections. Diagnostic marker of diabetes mellitus type 1. 

Bottazzo GF, Florin-Christensen A, Doniach D (1974) Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polyendocrine deficiencies. Lancet, 2(7892) 1279-1283. 

Bruining GJ, Molenaar JL, Grobbee DE, Hofman A, Scheffer GJ, Bruining HA, de Bruyn AM, Valkenburg HA (1989) Ten-year follow-up study of islet-cell antibodies and childhood diabetes mellitus. Lancet, 1(8647) 1100-1103. 

Schatz D, Krischer J, Horne G, Riley W, Spillar R, Silverstein J, Winter W, Muir A, Derovanesian D, Shah S, Malone J, Maclaren N (1994) Islet cell antibodies predict insulin-dependent diabetes in United States school age children as powerfully as in unaffected relatives. J Clin Invest, 93 2403-2407. 

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