Irradiation-induced effects

Fig. 17. LHeT absorption of the Si-related LVMs in p+-GaAs Si after holes capture by (a) electron irradiation-induced effects and (b) deuterium-related neutralizing complexes. The spectral resolution is 0.1 cm1. J. Chevallier el al., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 104, 337 (1988). Materials Research Society. 

The inheritance of X-irradiated-induced effects in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Journal of Parasitology, 60 35-46. 

Krasheninnikov, A. V., Nordlund, K. 2010. Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials. J. Appl. Phys. 107 (071301) 1-70. 

Each of these irradiation-induced effects can be evaluated in "separate effects" tests and their significance on crack propagation can be formulated. This extensive amount of work has been reviewed [122,123] and only the major conclusions are given. For instance, the effect of irradiation on corrosion potential and hence crack propagation is shown in Figure 18.33, which compares the observed and predicted crack depth vs. time relationships for thermally sensitized stainless steel specimens exposed in the unirradiated recirculation line and in an irradiated core instrumentation tube of a BWR. The observed and predicted effect of irradiation in increasing the crack propagation rate via its effect on the corrosion potential alone is apparent. 

For the case described here, the CaF2(lll) surface remains rather intact and the main electron-irradiation-induced effect is a change in surface stoichiometry, namely, an effective metallization of the surface by defect diffusion from the bulk. 

Fig. 8. Neutron irradiation induced dimensional changes for GraphNOL N3M graphite irradiated a 600 or 875 °C [61]. Note that the radial dimensional changes exceed the axial changes due to textural effects.

In an NMR analysis of the effects of /-irradiation induced degradation on a specific polyurethane (PU) elastomer system, Maxwell and co-workers [87] used a combination of both H and 13C NMR techniques, and correlated these with mechanical properties derived from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 1H NMR was used to determine spin-echo decay curves for three samples, which consisted of a control and two samples exposed to different levels of /-irradiation in air. These results were deconvoluted into three T2 components that represented T2 values which could be attributed to an interfacial domain between hard and soft segments of the PU, the PU soft segment, and the sol... 

H. Schade, Irradiation-Induced Metastable Effects L. Ley, Photoelectron Emission Studies... 

The third term in Eq. 7, K, is the contribution to the basal plane thermal resistance due to defect scattering. Neutron irradiation causes various types of defects to be produced depending on the irradiation temperature. These defects are very effective in scattering phonons, even at flux levels which would be considered modest for most nuclear applications, and quickly dominate the other terms in Eq. 7. Several types of irradiation-induced defects have been identified in graphite. For irradiation temperatures lower than 650°C, simple point defects in the form of vacancies or interstitials, along with small interstitial clusters, are the predominant defects. Moreover, at an irradiation temperature near 150°C [17] the defect which dominates the thermal resistance is the lattice vacancy. 

Queensland mango, Mangifera indica, fruit irradiated postharvest, single dose, 250 or 750 Gy At 250 Gy, skin and pulp color inhibited 50% due to irradiation-induced suppression of chlorophyll breakdown and reduction in carotenoid production. At 750 Gy, fruit respiration increased for 3-5 days, but no effect on fruit firmness 5... 

Picosecond pedestal, 143 Pin-hole camera, 128 Plasma channels, 112, 147, 148 Plasma defocusing, 84, 91 Plasma frequency, 166 Plasma index of refraction, 147 Plasma mirror (PM) technique, 194 Plasma wakefield acceleration, 172 Plasma wavelength, 166 Plasma-induced effects, 83 Polarization, 97 Polarization control, 87 Ponderomotive force, 170 Population inversions, 19 Post-irradiation spectroscopy, 156 Pre-pulse, 143 Propagation, 81 Protein, 102 Pump depletion, 151... 

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