Iron poisoning antidote

Mechanism of Action An antidote that binds with iron to form complex. Therapeutic Effect Promotes urine excretion of acute iron poisoning. 

Answer D. Deferoxamine chelates iron and is the antidote in iron poisoning. Gastric lavage should be attempted with care regarding aspiration, but changes in urine pH have no effect on the elimination of iron. laboratory results will reveal an increased anion gap indicative of acidosis. The systemic absorption of many drugs taken orally can be reduced by activated charcoal unfortunately, iron is not one of them. 

THERAP CAT Parenteral chelating agent (iron and aluminum). Methanesulfonate as antidote io iron poisoning. 

Interesting chemotherapeutic possibilities are suggested by this knowledge that the iron-foraging of bacteria is very different from that of mammals. For information on the use of siderochromes as antidotes in iron poisoning, see Section 11.6. 

Isol. from Streptomyces pilosus. Siderophore. Chelating agent for iron mobilization used as antidote to iron poisoning also chelates aluminium, of interest with respect to treatment of Alzheimer s disease. Used as 4mAf aq. soln. for photometric detn. of V(F) 480 nm, 3150, pH 1.3), Fe(///). Cryst. -I- IH2O (EtOH aq.). Mp 138-140°. 

Better antidotes are required for treating chronic iron poisoning, which is common after the repeated blood transfusions used in treating two genetically-determined diseases, thalassaemia (Cooley s anaemia) and... 

The standard antidote for iron poisoning is desferrioxamine B (//.6) (deferoxamine) (Keberle, 1964), which must be injected. Other ironchelating agents undergoing trial are rhodotorulic acid (i/./o), cheaply made from yeast but still requiring injection, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid which is part of the enterochelin molecule (//.y) and is active orally, and ethylenediamine-fe 5(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) which is related to EDTA. 

For humans, famphur is considered harmful or fatal if swallowed or absorbed through the skin, especially by children. If poisoning should occur, physicians are advised that atropine is antidotal and that pralidoxime chloride may be effective as an adjunct to atropine. Pour-on formulations are flammable, and users should keep them away from heat, sparks, and open flames including hot branding irons and cautery dehorning devices (American Cyanamid Company 1984). 

Colloidal saccharated iron is sometimes used in place of ferric hydroxide as an antidote in arsenical poisoning, but its adsorptive capacity depends on the alkalinity of the medium.4 Thus a commercial preparation containing 0-75 per cent, of sodium hydroxide was found to adsorb 12-57 per cent, of arsenious oxide (reckoned on the amount of iron present) addition of alkali increased the adsorption until, with 1-28 per cent, of sodium hydroxide present, there was a maximum adsorption of 27 per cent. The addition of acid correspondingly diminished the adsorption. A gel of ferric magnesium hydroxide, if prepared without boiling, also adsorbs arsenic from sodium arsenite solutions.5... 

Antidotes for cyanide poisoning (B). Cyanide ions (CN ) enter the organism in the form of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) the latter can be inhaled, released from cyanide salts in the acidic stomach juice, or enzymatically liberated from bitter almonds in the gastrointestinal tract. The lethal dose of HCN can be as low as 50 mg. CN binds with high af nity to trivalent iron and thereby arrests utilization of oxygen via mitochondrial cytochrome oxidases of the respiratory chain. Internal asphyxiation (histotoxic hypoxia) ensues while erythrocytes remain charged with 02 (venous blood colored bright red). 

Ferri Oxidum Hydratum (hydrated oxide of iron) With water, it was used as an antidote for arsenic poisoning. 

Hydrocyanic acid is most easily prepared from its potassium salt, K(CN), which is obtained principally by the decomposition of the complex double cyanides of iron as we shall soon consider. The acid is also obtained by the hydrolysis of certain glucosides, e.g., amygdalin, in bitter almonds. It is prepared synthetically by reactions to be discussed presently in connection with the constitution of it and its salts. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and burns with a violet flame. It boils at 26.1 and solidifies to crystals which melt at —14°. It is an extremely strong poison the best antidotes being chlorine and hydrogen dioxide. It is readily absorbed by metallic nickel which is thus used in gas masks for this purpose. It is stable in dry air but in presence of water is readily hydrolyzed yielding ammonia and formic acid as the chief products. 

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