Cyanide released from

Grogan J, DeVito SC, Pearlman RS, et al. Modeling cyanide release from nitriles prediction of cytochrome P450 mediated acute nitrile toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 1992 5(4) 548-552. 

DeVito, S.C. and Pearlman, R.S. (1992) Physicochemical and structural factors influendng cyanide release from nitriles. Med. Chem. Res., 1, 461—465. 

Chadha, R.K., Lawrence, J.F., and Ratnayake, W.M.N. 1995. Ion chromatographic determination of cyanide released from flaxseed under autohydrolysis conditions. Food Add. Cont. 12, 527-533. 

ENGLER, S.H., SPENCER C.S., GILBERT L.E., Preventing cyanide release from leaves, Nature, 2000,406, 144-145. 

Barber, T.R., Lutes, C.C., Doom, M.R. et al. (2003). Aquatic ecological risks due to cyanide releases from biomass burning. Chemosphere 50 343-8. 

Figure 4. Mechanism of cyanide release from nitriles.

Four procedures are available for the determination of cyanide in environmental media. These are free cyanide, total cyanide, weak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide and amenable to chlorination (ATC) cyanide. Free cyanide is that portion of the cyanide which exists as hydrogen cyanide or as the CN- ion. Total cyanide is the cyanide released from a sample by digestion with strong mineral acid at elevated temperature. The cyanide released is distilled and... 

The LD50 value in mice from intravenous administration of tabun has been reported as 0.287 mg/kg (Tripathi and Dewey 1989). Gupta and coworkers (1987) investigated acute toxicity of tabun and its biochemical consequences in the brain of rats. An acute nonlethal dose of 200 pg/kg was injected subcutaneously. Within 0.5-1 hour, the toxicity was maximal it persisted for 6 hours, accompanied by a sharp decline in acetylcholinesterase activity. The prolonged inhibition of this enzyme in muscle and brain may be due to storage aud delayed release of tabun from nonenzymic sites. In addition, cyanide released from a tabun molecule could cause further delay in recovery from its toxic effects. Atropine and its combination with various compounds may offer protection against tabun (see Sections 39.2 and 39.3). 

Grogan, J., DeVito, S.C. Pearlman, R.S. Korzekwa, K.R. Modeling Cyanide Release From Nitriles Prediction of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Acute Nitrile Toxicity. Chem. Res, in Tex. 1992.5, pp. 548-552. 

It is supposed that the main reaction is the oxidation of cyanides, released from cyanogenic glycosides, to cyanates that may isomerise... 

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