Ionomers synthesis

M.R. Tant, K.A. Mauritz, and G.L. Wilkes, Ionomers Synthesis, structure, properties and applications, Blackie Academic Professional, London, 1997. 

C.S. Tumosa, D. Erhardt, M.F. Mecklenburg, X. Su, P.B. Vandiver, J.L. Mass, and A. Murray, Linseed oil paint as ionomer Synthesis and characterization, in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 852 of Materials issues in art and archaeology VII Symposium held November 30 - December 3, 2004, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, p. 25, Warrendale, PA, 2005. Materials Research Society. 

Vogl (112. 113) is developing an ingenious preparative method for ionomers synthesis by copolymerization of ethyl glycidate with other cyclic ethers and then hydrolysis of the pendant ester groups. 

In order to solve this chemical stability problem, a new proprietary PFSA ionomer synthesis procedure has been developed at DuPont that results in a reduction of the reactive end groups. This approach has been referred as chemical stabilization (CS) technology. Fluoride emission from chemically stabilized polymer in a Fenton s test was found to be eight times lower than a nonchemically stabilized polymer. 

As can be seen from Table 6.18, the chemical structure of the polyurethane-urea part of the hybrid does not affect the properties of hybrid dispersions, obviously not counting the MFFT which is much higher if polyesterdiol has been used as a starting material for the prepolymer-ionomer synthesis (compare MDPUR-ASD 300 and MDPUR-ASD 24). 

In spite of the decrease in the basicity of BHFPA that should lower their reactivity in nucleophilic aromatic substitution, the ionomer synthesis was successful. Surprisingly, the water uptake dependence of the ionomers on lEC was found to be almost unaffected by the presence of the BHFPA repeat unit. This result, in agreement... 

This chapter is a survey of the fundamental studies on perfluorinated sulfonic iono-mer membranes including ionomer synthesis, membrane characterization, membrane... 

Pentenamer Ionomers. Unsaturated polypentenamer elastomers have been derivatized by post-synthesis reactions (72—74). Phosphonate, thioglycolate, sulfonate, and carboxylate derivatives have been prepared and converted into ionomers. 

Gross-Linking. A variety of PE resins, after their synthesis, can be modified by cross-linking with peroxides, hydrolysis of silane-grafted polymers, ionic bonding of chain carboxyl groups (ionomers), chlorination, graft copolymerization, hydrolysis of vinyl acetate copolymers, and other reactions. 

Fitzgerald J.J. and Weiss R.A., Synthesis, properties and structure of sulfonate ionomers, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. C, 28, 99, 1988. 

Crisp, S., Kent, B. E., Lewis, B. G., Femer, A. J. Wilson, A. D. (1980). Glass-ionomer cement formulations. II. The synthesis of novel polycarboxyhc acids. Journal of Dental Research, 59, 1055-63. 

Interest in polyurethane ionomers has increased in the last decade because of their growing uses in water-based coating, adhesives, medical, and semiconductor applications. However, relatively little information has been published regarding the synthesis and... 

Sulfonated EPDMs are formulated to form a number of rubbery products including adhesives for footwear, garden hoses, and in the formation of calendered sheets. Perfluori-nated ionomers marketed as Nation (DuPont) are used for membrane applications including chemical-processing separations, spent-acid regeneration, electrochemical fuel cells, ion-selective separations, electrodialysis, and in the production of chlorine. It is also employed as a solid -state catalyst in chemical synthesis and processing. lonomers are also used in blends with other polymers. 

Fang Z, Kennedy JP. Novel block ionomers. I. Synthesis and characterization of polyisobuty-lene-based block anionomers. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2002 40 3662-3678. 

Here we report the synthesis of inorganic tin II and tin IV ionomers based on a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid. 

Numerous authors took advantage of the reactivity of double bonds towards ozone to prepare a-(0 functional oligomers usable in the synthesis of multiblock copolymers by copolycondensation, or in the synthesis of precursors of surfactants or ionomer resins. Results in this field of investigation are numerous, mainly in terms of industrial applications. 

Synthesis of ionomer resins after neutralization of acid groups by metallic cations... 

Using PNIPAM ionomers as a bridge, we will shift our discussion from the folding of individual copolymer chains in extremely dilute solutions to the formation of the mesoglobular phase of hydrophilically and hydrophobically modified copolymer chains in dilute solutions. The synthesis of PNIPAM-co-xKAA ionomers has been described before. 

Industrial production of perfluorinated ionomers, Nafion membranes, and all perfluorinated membranes is costly due to several factors first, the monomers used are expensive to manufacture, since the synthesis requires a large number of steps and the monomers are dangerous to handle. The precautions for safe handling are considerable and costly. Secondly, the PSEPVE monomer is not used for other applications, which limits the volume of production. The most significant cost driver is the scale of production. Today, the volume of the Nafion market for chlor-aUcali electrolysis (150,000 m year ) and fuel cells (150,000 m year ) is about 300,000 m year resulting in a production capacity of 65,000 kg year. When compared to large-scale production of polymers like Nylon (1.2 x 10 m year ), the perfluorinated ionomer membrane is a specialty polymer produced in small volumes. 

Investigations on Dow membranes can be found in Refs. [70-82]. Solvay Solexis has started a research and development project to create new ionomer membranes for fuel cells and other applications similar to the Dow concept. The development is based on Solexis s capability for producing sulfonylfluoridevinylether by a much simpler route than the original Dow synthesis [83]. The Solexis route is schematically represented in Figure 27.29 and the monomer can be produced on an industrial scale. The SSC monomer and TFE are copolymerized by free-radical polymerization to obtain the polymers in Figure 27.30 (named Hyflon Ion). 

Use Monomerfor vinylresins, component of ionomer resins, intermediate in steroid and vitamin A synthesis, alkylating agent. 

Zhang B, Sun Q, Han M et al (2007) Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of side-chain liquid crystalline ionomers containing sulfonic acid groups. J Appl Polym Sd 104 304-309... 

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